This paper analyzes the impact of nuclear armaments on US national and military policy since World War II. The immediate post-World War II years are reviewed with the conclusion that the threat of the atomic bomb was of little value for specific application during this period of US nuclear monopoly. The era of US superiority during the 1950's is assessed, including the nuclear threat during the Korean conflict, the concept of massive retaliation, and the 1956 Suez crisis. Evidence supporting...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Roberge,Ronald A, ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA,...
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Topics: history, walpole, whig, pitt, king, earl, opposition, whigs, sir john, sir robert, sir william,...
Source: http://books.google.com/books?id=9S_tnJ22V_UC&hl=&source=gbs_api
Most current social and cultural theory asserts that any form of social reality is not natural, adhering to an internal logic, but that it is constructed by human beings or what is termed human agency. The tools and motivations for any given construction of reality vary based on prevailing conditions or circumstance. Depending on a person's method of analysis, an analyst's citation of the elements involved in a particular act of social construction might be sorted out in terms of a hierarchy of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, War, World History, Films, Foreign Policy, Philosophy, Ideology, Experience, Military...
The field of Postcolonial Studies is one of the academic fashions that has arisen in an attempt to amend or replace radical theories of social power since the alleged discrediting of Marxism. The Canadian case is more ambiguous. Postcolonialism, already an essentially contested concept, is especially conflicted where Canada is concerned. Canada has certainly had a colonial past, with parts of its territory having been claimed by one European power or another since Giovanni Caboto (alias Jean...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries, Minority Groups, Foreign Policy, History,...
In spite of the fact that historical issues are challenges of political education, Japanese educational studies have not been able to properly deal with them. One of the reasons is that Japanese educational researchers have accepted without question the presence of nationalistic understanding of history as the most important cause of the difficulties in East Asia, while supporting textbook lawsuits over the last few decades. On this point, it is unreasonable to compare Japan with Germany which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Asian Culture, Foreign Countries, Intellectual History,...
The essay discusses the role and education of the women of India, with special reference to the women of Bengal during the nineteenth-century and a comparison is made between the education of the Indian woman and the education of the European woman during this era. The education of the Indian woman is also referenced against the backdrop of the nationalist movement in India against imperialist rule and its effects on the women of the country. (Contains 34 footnotes.)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Females, Womens Education, Cultural Context,...
In recent years there has been a marked increase in the output of literature linking economics with education. In the past, most of the professional literature in this area dealt either with educational finance (the economics of education) or, in a general way, with the role of education in economic development. Current literature continues to deal with these two fields, but in such a way as to introduce a new field, or at least to direct attention to new uses for materials developed in the two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Human Capital, Role of Education, Labor Force...
The purpose of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States is to present to the people of this Nation a picture, as complete and accurate as possible, of the many types of education they finance, administer, and maintain. But this isolated picture is not enough. The worth, activity, and progress of any system of schools are relative matters and must be shown along with like phases of other systems to provide sane conceptions and sound bases for judgments. To afford such bases for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Surveys, International Education, Comparative...
Among the many movements of modern times for the advancement of civilization and the relief of humanity from unnecessary burdens of expenditure and of paralyzing fear, none is more significant than that for arbitration and world-wide peace. This movement has been made possible by the education of the masses of the people in all the more progressive countries of the world, and will succeed finally only as education becomes more universal. Like all great constructive movements for the uplift and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Studies, Educational Methods, Instructional Materials, World Problems,...
With Japan and America entering the ranks of the colonizing powers, the question of colonial education becomes particularly important, especially so in view of the fact that education in both Japan and America occupies a commanding position. It is rather significant that the two great Pacific powers should have become colonizing nations within three years of each other. It is the purpose of this monograph to set forth the results of Japan's efforts to establish an educational system in Formosa,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Educational History, Indigenous Populations, Land...
The author wrote a piece called "What Our Children Should Learn about 9/11." In that piece, the author made just four simple points. These include: (1) children should know the facts; (2) once they had a grounding in the facts, the children should not abjure moral judgment; (3) children should learn to make both analytical and moral distinctions; and (4) children must learn to live with uncertainty, and specifically to understand the difference between living in fear and living with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, World History, Foreign Policy, Arabs, Muslims, Expectation,...
Training for foreign service adequate to achieve the end in view, must be based upon satisfactory consensus in commercial education. This type of instruction should be established in all cities of present or potential foreign trade opportunities. This first conference to be held in the United States for the specific purpose of discussing the problem from the standpoint of government, business, and education, in order to ascertain a "modus operandi" in the establishment of an adequate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational History, Conferences (Gatherings), Foreign Policy, Educational Needs,...
Eighteen States and the District of Columbia were represented at the second conference of collegiate instructors in foreign service training subjects, which was held at the New Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C., December 26, 1923, under the direction of the former advisory council and committee of fifteen on educational preparation for foreign service, now known as the National Council on Foreign Service Training. The topic of the conference was practices and objectives in training for foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chemistry, Civics, United States History, Human Geography, Foreign Countries,...
This Fact Sheet reports findings from an ongoing study of the representation of 9/11 and terrorism in curricula, textbooks, and state standards documents. The study was conducted in three stages. The first two stages focused on how supplemental curricula and best-selling social studies textbooks published between 2002-2010 present the events of 9/11 and their aftermath to secondary school students. In 2011, a third stage of the study was added. This stage extended the previous ones by including...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, Terrorism, Air Transportation, Suicide, Curriculum...
For a long time, children with special needs were educated along with other regular children in schools. The notion of special education was a Western phenomenon and concept in Nigeria. How were children with special needs educated without special education programs? This article will provide cultural perspectives on issues of disability and care for children with exceptional needs in Nigeria.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, African Culture, Disabilities, Special Needs Students, Special...
This paper makes a case for "good politics for good education", with special reference to Nigeria. It surveys the impact of good and bad politics on the attainment of Meaningful Access to education with special focus on Nigeria's Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. Good politics is to be likened to what the French call "la politique au sense noble du terme" (politics in the noble sense of the term--or statesmanship) while bad politics is to be likened to a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Preschool Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Democracy,...
In most countries of the world, higher education is highly subsidized by the public sector. The subsidy is a result of the role of higher education sector on the economy and good governance of the nations. Enrolment into higher institutions of learning is quite low in Africa compare to other continents of the world due to the continent's low and declining spending on her higher institutions of learning. This shabby contribution by the continent could be likened to a result of some imminent...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Universities, Private Colleges, Foreign Countries, Federal...
This essay is based from the author's presentation at "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Modern Middle East", a Summer Institute for Teachers sponsored by The American Institute for History Education and The Wachman Center of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, held June 25-27, 2009, in Philadelphia. This presentation addresses ways to understand the war on terror, or as the author calls it, the "long war"; as well as "jihadism"; and also how to teach these issues to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Muslims, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, History Instruction, High School...
The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2009 proceedings, see ED504973.]
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Studies, Proverbs, Social Justice, Global Approach, Photography, Visual Aids,...
On July 26-27, 2008, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 37 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching U.S. Military history. Sessions included: (1) The Revolutionary War and Early American Military History (Kyle Zelner); (2) The Mexican-American War (Paul Springer); (3) The Civil War (Mark Grimsley); (4) The Frontier Years (Vance Skarstedt); (5) The American Military and Society (Peter Karsten); (6) The Spanish-American War and the Philippine War (Brian McAllister Linn);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, War, World History, History Instruction, Land Settlement,...
On March 28-29, 2009, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 43 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the nuclear age. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall observed that although students today are not made to crawl under their desks in air raid drills, that atomic power remains, and it is still necessary to raise a nuclear-literate generation. Sessions included: (1) Nuclear Weapons (Jeremy Bernstein); (2) Nuclear Weapons in International Politics (Andrew L....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Weapons, War, International Relations, World History, Terrorism, Power Structure,...
On May 3-4, 2003, the Foreign Policy Research Institute held its tenth History Institute for Teachers. Forty-two teachers from fourteen states participated in a weekend of lectures and seminars, featuring seven outstanding scholars. Although Muslims define themselves and the Christian West in terms of religion, Western countries view relations among themselves and with Islam in national terms. Understanding America's distinctive encounter with Islam is fundamental to understanding both the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Islam, Muslims, Arabs, Conflict, Politics, Foreign Policy, Foreign Countries, Western...
On March 11-12, 2006 the FPRI's Marvin Wachman Fund for International Education hosted 44 teachers from 16 states across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching about India. Sessions included: (1) Why It's Important to Know about India (Ainslie T. Embree); (2) Early Indian History (Richard H. Davis); (3) Modern Indian History (Marc Jason Gilbert); (4) Domestic Indian Politics (Philip Oldenburg); (5) The Rise of the Indian Economy (John Williamson); (6) India's Religions Today:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Asian History, Modern History, Politics, Economics, Religion,...
On October 21-22, 2006, FPRI's Marvin Wachman Fund for International Education hosted 46 teachers from 26 states across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching about China. Sessions included: (1) Classical Chinese Thought and Culture and Early Chinese History (Victor Mair); (2) State and Society in Late Imperial China (Matthew Sommer); (3) "China's Democratic Prospects" (Edward Friedman); (4) China's Economy: Problems and Prospects (Nicholas Lardy); (5) China and the World...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Asian Culture, Asian History, Democracy, Economics, International...
The Foreign Policy Research Institute held its 11th History Institute for Teachers on June 5-6, 2004, bringing together forty-five teachers from fifteen states for a weekend of lectures and seminars. Sessions included; (1) Colonial Origins of American Identity (Walter McDougall); (2) Migration and Colonization (Daniel Richter); (3) Liberty and Religion in American Society (J. C. D. Clark); (4) Struggle for Mastery in North America (Jeremy Black); (5) The Origins of American Constitutionalism...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, Foreign Policy, Land Settlement, Migration, Religion,...
This essay is based on the author's presentation at the Wachman Center's July 26-27, 2008 history institute, co-sponsored and hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation of the McCormick Tribune Foundation. For Europeans, World War I remains the epochal event of the twentieth century. For Americans, the war falls between two much larger and more emotive events in American history, the Civil War and World War II. Although the war did not result in destruction for Americans on the European...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, War, World History, History Instruction, International...
This document includes the following issues of this journal: volume 18, number 3, Summer 2002; volume 18, number 4, Fall 2002; volume 19, number 2, Spring 2003; and volume 19, number 3, Summer 2003. The summer 2002 issue of "The Bill of Rights in Action" views problems related to victims of war. It focuses on the internment of Japanese Americans in camps during World War II, the court case that upheld it as constitutional, and subsequent attempts to compensate those held in the camps;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ancient History, Black Leadership, Capitalism, Civil Rights, Discussion (Teaching...
For U.S. neo-idealists, the 1990s represented a moment to be seized, a time in which the strategies of conflict and confrontation of the Cold War period could be replaced by strategies designed to enhance cooperation among the nation-states. In 2001, the George W. Bush administration found itself in the position of continuing the same Bill Clinton era search for a strategic framework around which to organize U.S. foreign policy. Evidence of these policies can be found in four strategic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Policy, Higher Education, International Relations, Literature Reviews,...
During World War II, a close friendship and excellent working relations developed between President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) and Prime Minister Winston Churchill that were crucial in the establishment of a unified effort to deal with the Axis powers. In early 1941, FDR began the long-term correspondence that developed into a close working friendship with Churchill. This working relationship was highlighted by many joint appearances and agreements that not only addressed the immediate needs...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Foreign Policy, National Standards, Presidents of the United...
In this interdisciplinary curriculum unit, students examine and debate the relationship between China and Tibet. Students are expected to produce a mock television report covering topics related to the Tibet question, such as historical issues, the policies of the U.S., Chinese, and Tibetan governments, and human rights concerns. Students are provided with background information, detailed instructions, on-line resources, and reflection questions. The teacher's notes describe the unit's purpose,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Learning, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Grade 10, High Schools,...
This 10th grade social studies lesson and language arts interdisciplinary curriculum unit asks students to examine the 19th century debate over U.S. foreign policy. Students engage in role playing and debate the expansionist policy versus the anti-imperialist policy. The unit includes an activity description, background information, questions to guide research, online resources, and reflection questions. The teacher is provided with notes describing the unit's purpose, correlation to standards,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Learning, Current Events, Debate, Foreign Policy, Grade 11, High Schools,...
The History section of the Proceedings contains the following 13 papers: "The Big, Not-So-Bad, Wolf: Cultivating a New Media Image" (Richard Gross); "The Forgotten Battles: Congressional Hearings on Television Violence in the 1950s" (Keisha L. Hoerrner); "President Nixon's China Initiative: A Publicly Prepared Surprise" (Zixue Tai); "Passion and Reason: Mississippi Newspaper Writings of the Secession Crisis, 1860-1861" (Nancy McKenzie Dupont); "Ruth...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Advertising, Foreign Policy, Higher Education, Journalism Education,...
Following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the American government refused to grant de jure recognition to the Soviet regime. American courts likewise refuse to acknowledge the legal existence of the Soviet Union in matters concerning Russian property in the United States. In the 1933 Litvinov Assignment, when President Roosevelt granted conditional recognition to Moscow, the Soviets assigned its rights to Russian property in the U.S. to the American government. The assignment, however, proved to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Millett,Stephen M, AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO, *FOREIGN POLICY,...
These projects were completed by participants in the Fulbright-Hays seminar in China in 1995. The participants represented various regions of the U.S. and different grade levels and subject areas. The units include: (1) "Travel Guide to China" (Marcy Adelson); (2) "Traditional and Contemporary Values of China" (Peter Ciemins); (3) "Chinese Philosophies Unit" (Matthew Clayton); (4) "Unit on China" (Peggy Coffey); (5) "Excavating the Tomb of China's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Asian Studies, Change, Chinese Culture, Culture, Elementary Secondary...
This digest discusses the need for teaching about the Vietnam War, possible reasons for the negligible treatment the subject receives in social studies classes, and some instructional approaches to the material. Currently, students lack a systematic and detailed knowledge of this turning point in U.S. history. The impact of the Vietnam War on U.S. foreign policy, domestic politics, and social history cannot be overestimated. The controversial nature of the War and its ensuing political...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Controversial Issues (Course Content), Diplomatic History, Educational...
This book provides a compilation of addresses and panel presentations from the 1995 International Symposium of Japan-America Societies. Twenty-nine eminent speakers and presenters, authorities on topics ranging from economics to education, shared dialogue with delegates who gathered for the first-ever meeting of members of Japan-America Societies from both sides of the Pacific. The introductory materials and overview contain the observations of the editor, compiled from notes taken during the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Developed Nations, Diplomatic History, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
This annotated bibliography introduces students to the reference resources of political science, including international relations, and suggests bibliographic tools to facilitate literature searches. The list is limited to general reference works. The bibliography is divided into the following categories: (1) Guides to the Literature; (2) Encyclopedias (Social Sciences, Political Sciences, and Specialized); (3) Dictionaries (Political Science and Biographical); (4) Handbooks; (5) Yearbooks; (6)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Area Studies, Diplomatic History, Foreign Countries,...
This book discusses foreign policy issues and provides background information on current topics. This edition examines the following major issues: (1) "Conflict in Former Yugoslavia: Quest for Solutions" (Susan L. Woodward); (2) "South Africa: Forging a Democratic Union" (Jean Herskovits); (3) "Environmental Crisis in Former Soviet Bloc: Whose Problem? Who Pays?" (William Sweet); (4) "Trade with the Pacific Rim: Pressure or Cooperation?" (Jinny St. Goar);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African History, Developing Nations, Environment, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
This briefing book provides background information on current foreign policy issues. This edition discusses the following major issues: (1) "U.S. in a New World: What Goals? What Priorities?"; (2) "United Nations: What Role in the New World?"; (3) "Germany's Role: In Europe? In the Atlantic Alliance?"; (4) "China: New Reforms, Old Politics?"; (5) "Trade and the Global Economy: Projecting U.S. Interests"; (6) "Russia and the Central Asian...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Developing Nations, Diplomatic History, Economics, Foreign Countries,...
This booklet analyzes the changes that have occurred in Japan in the postwar period. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1, "Revolutionary Change: American Occupation, 1945-52," focuses on the dramatic changes brought by Occupation forces. Chapter 2, "Evolutionary Change: Japan's Democracy from the Occupation through the 1980s," chronicles almost 40 years of uninterrupted conservative rule. Chapter 3, "The Transformation of 1993-94," addresses the more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Change, Democracy, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Human Relations,...
A study of American-Chinese relations in the period 1944-1966, this unit for high school students focuses on a number of problems which American policy-makers have had to confront in this period. These problems include the liquidation of Japanese power, the Communist-Nationalist schisms and the rise of the Communists to power, the Korean War, the Quemoy-Matsu crisis, and the question of recognition. The student is asked what the proper goals of foreign policy are, and at the conclusion of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Asian History, Curriculum Guides, Foreign Policy, Government Role,...
Intended for college-preparatory students at the high school level, this unit investigates the changing tides in U.S.-Soviet diplomatic relations and the reasons for the change. The focus of the unit is on a series of particular episodes such as the questions of famine relief in the 1920's, diplomatic recognition in the 1930's, World War II, the Berlin Blockade, the Hungarian Revolution, and the Cuban missile crisis. Introductions set each episode in context, and the student is asked to assess...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Curriculum Guides, European History, Foreign Policy, History,...
This unit, geared initially for college-preparatory students at the high school level, asks the student to consider ways in which the past, however incompletely or inaccurately perceived, shapes our views of the present. Evidence is presented to show how both the isolationists and internationalists justified their actions by their interpretations of such things as the Neutrality Act of 1917, World War I, and the postwar reaction. Documents relating to the Nye Committee investigation and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Business, Curriculum Guides, Exports, Federal Legislation,...
Focusing on James K. Polk's handling of the diplomatic crisis with Mexico, which followed his accession to office, and on the results of the Mexican War, this unit asks the student to evaluate Polk's actions. In the evaluation, the student must assess the responsibilities of presidential leadership and confront the implications of power in international affairs. Subsidiary questions include the relationship between the President and Congress in the making of foreign policy, the problem of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Area Studies, Curriculum Guides, Foreign Policy, History, History...
This two week unit has attempted to alleviate two deficiencies normally found in instructional materials: superficial treatment or neglect of developments since World War II; and, the overemphasis on conflict. Topics have been selected for in-depth discussion, and emphasize the Organization of American States, the Alliance for Progress, and the settlement of the El Chamizal Dispute. The goal achieved is better balance between conflict and cooperation in the discussions of United Stated foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Cross Cultural Studies, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Foreign...
Procedures for the operation of the Political-Military Exercise (PME) are detailed in this handbook as a means of involving political science students in the actual dynamics of international policy-making decisions through the PME game experience. Two basic designs for operating the simulation exercise are presented with a discussion of the format alternatives, facilities, materials, and administrative techniques required for each design. The first design, a 1- or 2-day concentrated game,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Decision Making, Foreign Policy, Game Theory, Games, International Relations,...
Focusing on the controversy which surrounded Thomas Jefferson and the Embargo of 1807, this social studies unit examines the numerous factors which affect presidential policy-making and leadership. The unit presents newspaper accounts of the boarding of the American frigate "Chesapeake" by the English in 1807 and enumerates the factors that influenced Jefferson's subsequent response to the situation--(1) Jefferson's temperament, his political philosophy and feelings about the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Guides, Decision Making, Democratic Values, Foreign Policy, Leadership,...
Exploring the dilemma and responsibilities of power, this social studies unit begins with an article by a Chinese Communist who attacks America as aggressively imperialistic and ends with an article by an Englishman who lauds American imperialism. Sections of the unit discuss (1) the nature of imperialism, (2) the substance of European imperialism, as well as the political pressures and ideologies, at the end of the 19th century, (3) the imperialistic course taken in the early 20th century by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Curriculum Guides, Developing Nations, Economic Factors, European...
Taking into account the impact of domestic, inter-Arab, Arab-Israeli, superpower, and other international economic, political, military, and social considerations, this research identifies the areas of convergence of and divergence between United States interests and policies and those of Egypt, of Iraq, and of Syria. It also suggests techniques and policy alternatives that might enable the United States to capitalize on cooperative potential and minimize possible conflicts with these...
Topics: DTIC Archive, McLaurin,R D, Mughisuddin,Mohammed, AMERICAN INSTITUTES FOR RESEARCH WASHINGTON D C...
This is one unit of the series described in SO 000 378. It is necessary for the students to understand that the seeds of international cooperation must be cultivated, and that the methods of peaceful solution to world conflict must be constantly re-evaluated and supported. Several specific objectives are listed: 1) to understand the basic foreign policies and the philosophic foundations that have dominated the history of our relations with other nations; 2) to understand the role each...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship, Citizenship Responsibility, Cross Cultural Studies, Foreign Policy,...