In the "Sydney Morning Herald" of 23 March 2005, Ross Gittins argued that the funding arrangements for private schools positively encourage parents to move their children from the state system. The then Federal Minister for Education, Dr Brendan Nelson, in a letter to the "Herald" of 25-27 March, responded by saying that 68% of all school pupils go to state schools, and those students receive 76% of Government funds allocated to the totality of all pupils attending schools....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Public Policy, Private Schools, Educational Finance, Foreign Countries, Educational...
Education policy has been undergoing great transformation in China since the initiation of economic reforms and the open-door policy in the late 1970s. These market-oriented reforms and the pursuit of rapid economic growth in a globalized economy have significantly impacted China's education policy and development. In line with the development of the market-oriented economy and its increasing integration with the global market, a more pragmatic perception of education has gradually taken shape...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Competition, Administrative Organization, Economic Progress,...
This paper addresses to the question of how to empower research competence of a kind which would lead a peripheral university like SNU to becoming a world-class university. There have been noticeable achievements in building competitive, first class universities in many developing nations, particularly in Asian countries. This paper will examine the process by which SNU can be transforming SNU into a world-class university in Korea. The analysis will focus on the internal reforms implemented at...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Developing Nations, Research Universities, Educational Change,...
Computer-based technologies are now commonplace in classrooms, and the integration of these media into the teaching and learning of mathematics is supported by government policy in most developed countries. However, many questions about the impact of computer-based technologies on classroom mathematics learning remain unanswered, and debates about when and how they ought to be used continue. An increasing number of studies seek to identify the effects of technology usage on classroom learning,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Public Policy, Mathematics Education, Developed Nations, Educational Research,...
Seven middle-level schools in a large suburban district created an open enrollment system for advanced English and science courses. The advanced courses provided students with an opportunity to learn through the use of primary sources, high-level literature, and a variety of projects. A vertical teaming process in each middle-high school attendance area was instrumental in promoting teacher collaboration and acceptance of a Pre-AP philosophy intended to expand student access to advanced...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Collaboration, Teacher Attitudes, Open Enrollment, Attendance, Advanced...
This study addressed a major concern expressed by the Director of Academies of The Human Employment and Resource Training (HEART) Trust/National Training Agency (NTA) Jamaica. Its purpose was to identify the entrepreneurial competency gaps that may exist between the desired behavior of training instructors and the behavior that presently exists among the instructors who participate in institution-based enterprise activities. This study first identified the entrepreneurial competencies that the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Program Effectiveness, Foreign Countries, Public Agencies, Entrepreneurship, Surveys,...
Charter schools are a growing and evolving component of the public education sector. These schools may be exempt from state or local regulations, but they are part of the public system and subject to federal laws and many regulations. Research has documented policy tensions and basic challenges associated with developing special education programs in charter schools. A key source of these issues is ambiguity in individual state charter laws regarding roles and responsibilities related to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Figurative Language, Special Education, Public Education, Charter Schools,...
Effective exploration of spatially referenced educational achievement data can help educational researchers and policy analysts accelerate interpretation of datasets to gain valuable insights. This paper illustrates the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze educational achievement gaps in Arkansas. It introduces the Geographic Academic Policy Series (GAPS) and presents one example of GAPS as a case study using GIS in the education policy analysis. The Geographic Academic Policy...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Program Effectiveness, Maps, Policy Analysis, Information Systems, Academic...
Online learning is the fastest growing segment of educational technology, for both the best and worst of reasons. The promise of delivering student-centered education, anytime, anywhere, at any pace provides the best reason. Online learning certainly has the potential to finally deliver on these promises. The temptation to replace highly skilled professionals with scripted, mass delivered "content" as a means of reducing costs and/or maximizing profits is a contender for the worst...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Online Courses, Educational Technology, Scoring Rubrics, Educational Policy, School...
In this essay, the authors explore the structures, processes, and messages that accountability reforms communicate about the goals and means of coming to know history. In other words, how do existing history standards and formal curricula officialize certain orientations toward historical knowledge and traditions through which that knowledge is taught? Specifically, they begin by examining the "National History Standards" and the "History and Social Science Standards of Learning...
Topics: ERIC Archive, National Standards, Social Sciences, Academic Standards, Instructional Materials,...
Despite a fall in the percentage of young people choosing this course between 1993 and 1994 (58.17%) and 2003 and 2004 (55.23%), vocational training remains the main path chosen by young people in Bulgaria. The national programme for developing pre-school, school education and training (2006-15), adopted in 2006 due to major public interest in this issue, aims to reform initial vocational training. This article presents the main pillars of this reform based on European strategic guidelines. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Trend Analysis, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Guidelines, Employment...
This article provides an overview of recent developments in EU vocational education and training (VET) policy, and of the issues and challenges faced by VET systems in the Western Balkans, Turkey, and other countries covered by the "wider European neighbourhood" policy. The purpose is to emphasise the relevance for these countries of the EU messages, instruments, benchmarks and principles that are part of the Copenhagen process, but also the interest expressed in the process by the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Learning Strategies, Lifelong Learning, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education,...
In this essay, the authors discuss what it might take to develop knowledge that can help education policymakers and schools attain their goals. In reading both the research and the current policy environment, the authors identify several fundamental reasons why it is so difficult to develop the knowledge needed to inform policies that might enable standards-based reform to succeed. First is an inadequate conception of the goal of the system and how proficiency should be measured. Second,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Policy, Educational Research, Academic Standards, Educational Objectives,...
The central purpose of this study is to examine approaches for dealing with the problem of bullying ("wang-tta" in Korean) in schools from the Christian educational perspective. There has been much development in both research and practice in the 1990s and 2000s relating to bullying in Korean schools. Most Korean research on bullying, however, has almost exclusively focussed on verification of the facts that bullying or peer rejection is a widespread phenomenon in schools. This study,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teaching Methods, Foreign Countries, Educational Philosophy, Educational Environment,...
Adopting policies of decentralization has become more or less a universal fashion among governments. Institutional redesigning as regard to affirmative state is favored by the political left and right in capitalist democracies. However, their arguments revolve around the decision-making powers of ordinary citizens. Some academics argue that the "People's Campaign for Decentralized Planning" (PCDP) introduced in 1996 in Kerala, the south western state of India, is an extended version...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Democracy, Administrative Organization, Elementary Education,...
In the opening years of the 21st Century it would appear that a new development model has emerged supported by multilateral assistance groups such as the UN Group, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and various NGOs. This paper will: (a) briefly sketch the emergence of the major concepts and proposed actions which form the new model for development; (b) analyze the strategic implications for national and local educational change; and, (c) critique both the general model, and in particular,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Strategies, Nongovernmental Organizations, Educational Change,...
This study looks into issues pertaining to the policy of including native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) in elementary schools in Taiwan, i.e., NEST programs, from the perspective of the teachers involved. Through data gathered from interviews and classroom observations, this qualitative study examines the necessity of NEST programs and reveals the challenges facing NESTs and local English teachers as they negotiate the process of working together. It shows that while a NEST program is not a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Second Language Instruction, Native Speakers, Elementary Schools,...
The core purpose of this paper is to describe a new educational paradigm as well as possible directions and tasks for education reform in the 21st century. The present-day education system has failed to nurture the kind of creative people who can play leading roles in development or to produce citizens of a good character and democratic tendencies. We need to look at education from the standpoint of expanding the totality of possibilities for national development. The current educational system...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Change, Human Capital, Educational Policy, Self...
The primary purpose of this exploratory study is to identify variations in the ways in which individual teachers in different educational contexts interpret their curriculum and plan their lessons and in particular to explore the possibility that cultural differences as identified by Hofstede (1991) may be a contributing factor to understanding how teachers understand their work. "Educational reform" has become a catchphrase in the Anglo-American world, including the United States,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Geography, Cultural Differences, Cultural Traits, Curriculum...
Given the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, one might reasonably assume that the research literature on the effects of standardized testing would have been exposed, made widely familiar, and meticulously analyzed in the early 2000s. But just the opposite happened. As belief in the research literature's nonexistence has spread, efforts to reference it have become less thorough or casually dismissed. After all, why bother to search a literature you believe does not exist? As...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Federal Legislation, Literature, Standardized Tests, Educational Policy, Literature...
In this article, we explore the models of literacy conveyed by contemporary secondary career education policies, programs, and imperatives in the province of Ontario. The Ontario career education policies we reviewed uniformly advance a functional and socially reproductive model of literacy that undermines the democratic agency of learners. In response to these concerns, we propose that critical literacy should be introduced into Ontario secondary career education initiatives to encourage the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Career Education, Educational Change, Critical Reading, Literacy,...
Prior Learning Assessment & Recognition (PLAR), the practice of formally assigning credit for learning gained outside the formal education system (Thomas, 2000), offers significant benefits to adult students. Previous research had demonstrated that adult students may not, however, be aware of the availability of PLAR. This study investigated the availability of PLAR information on the websites of 60 Canadian universities. The research found that 24 Canadian universities offered PLAR for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Prior Learning, Universities, Web Sites, Adult Students, Foreign Countries, Access to...
Despite a plethora of research on the academic misconduct carried out by U.S. high school and undergraduate university students, little research has been done on the academic misconduct of Canadian students. This paper addresses this shortcoming by presenting the results of a study conducted at 11 Canadian higher education institutions between January 2002 and March 2003. We maintain that academic misconduct does indeed occur in Canada--amongst high school, undergraduate and graduate students....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Maturity (Individuals), Higher Education, Integrity, Graduate...
Research suggests that the majority of U.S. undergraduate students have engaged in some form of misconduct while completing their academic work, despite knowing that such behaviour is ethically or morally wrong. U.S.-based studies have also identified myriad personal and institutional factors associated with academic misconduct. Implicit in some of these factors are several institutional strategies that may be implemented to support academic integrity: revisiting the values and goals of higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Undergraduate Students, Integrity, Cheating,...
This paper examines the impact of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on transnational higher education in four countries: New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. The GATS is a multilateral agreement through which WTO members commit to voluntary liberalisation of trade in services, including education. Transnational (or offshore) education refers to education that is delivered by an institution based in one country to students located in a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, International Trade, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, International Cooperation,...
Education Queensland's New Basics project has extended conceptions of "equity" to incorporate dimensions such as higher order thinking and student control of classroom activity. This requires a critique of the outcomes attained by even high achieving students. It is therefore useful to interrogate professional discourses that shape pedagogies for particular groups of students. In this paper, discourses on "the Chinese learner" are reviewed. The review raises new issues of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Influences, Academic Achievement, Immigrants, Equal Education, High...
Is the idea of the liberal university dead, has the postmodern university any chance of being emancipatory, has the theory-practice divide merely collapsed in an era of "new knowledge work", or has the university just become one aspect of market states and global capitalism? Knowledge-based economies locate universities as central to the commodification and management of knowledge, while at the same time the legitimacy of the university and the academic as knowledge producers is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Role, Educational Researchers, Anti Intellectualism, Educational Policy,...
This paper is an essay on the state of Australian education that frames new directions for educational research. It outlines three challenges faced by Australian educators: highly spatialised poverty with particularly strong mediating effects on primary school education; the need for intellectual and critical depth in pedagogy, with a focus in the upper primary and middle years; and the need to reinvent senior schooling to address emergent pathways from school to work and civic life. It offers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Interdisciplinary Approach, Social Sciences, Educational...
The population of Nigeria is 140 million according to the last 2006 census. Only 75 Universities are available to cater to this population with one University for 1,866,000 people. The inability of the available Universities in Nigeria to cope with the high demand for University education has put much pressure on University admissions. In order to satisfy some interests the Government of Nigeria adopted such admission policies as the quota system, catchment areas, backwardness factor, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Admission Criteria, College Admission, Correlation, Foreign Countries, Data Analysis,...
While vocational subjects have always been part of the school curriculum, formal vocational education and training (VET) in the last two years of secondary education has been a policy focus for the last decade. In the Australian context, "VET in schools" is defined as courses that lead to industry recognised qualifications under the Australian Qualifications Framework while at the same time contributing to the standard Year 12 certificate. The number of students doing such courses has...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Market, Vocational Education, School Holding Power, Qualifications, Guidelines,...
This article argues that education has a role in promoting young people's wellbeing. It draws on research on young people's lives to highlight the changing world for which educators prepare young people. While older educational agendas such as literacies and numeracy remain significant, it is argued that education is increasingly important for its role in assisting young people to develop the capacities and skills that will enable them to live well and that will enhance social cohesion....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Young Adults, Role of Education, Well Being, Education Work Relationship,...
Historically, rural schools have been geographically and politically isolated to the extent that some might say that they have been the victims of, or beneficiaries from, an unstated government policy of benign neglect. Recently, conditions and relationships have changed with the enactment of state and federal accountability legislation and legal challenges to the constitutionality of state funding systems for schools. Federal concerns about the quality of teachers and the progress of students...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Rural Schools, State Standards, Educational Finance, Graduation Requirements,...
While the role and importance of affirmative action continues to be debated, researchers have found that individuals evaluate affirmative action policies differently. However, few studies have examined how prospective graduate students view affirmative action policies in graduate school admission. This study attempts to uncover prospective graduate students' perceptions and feelings toward both affirmative action and individuals thought to benefit from affirmative action policies. Participants...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Graduate Students, Student Attitudes, Affirmative Action, Programming, Staff...
The recognition, development and implementation of multicultural education in America is a relatively new and emerging idea. Prior to the middle of the previous century, the concept of addressing and providing a meaningful educational experience for all students, including students of color, was non-existent. In recent years, through the work of numerous educators (Banks, 1993; Banks, J. & Banks, C., 2004; Baptiste, 1979/1986/ 1994; Bennett, 1995; Boyer & Baptiste, 1996; Garcia, R.L.,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Multicultural Education, Educational Policy, Presidents, Educational Innovation,...
The presidents of the United States have had a lasting impact on the history of the United States. From the founding of the nation to the new century, the presidents have set the tone of the nation in matters of race. For centuries, the ideology of the country has been one in which only one perspective that of the white, European man has been dominant. The presidents have had the power to change this perspective but have failed to do so for many reasons, such as greed, weakness, timidity. This...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Policy, Presidents, Racial...
In this article, the author talks about the disproportionate gap in the graduation rates in colleges and universities, which highlights the need for the higher education community to rethink strategies for improving the retention of students of color. To increase the graduation rates of students of color, the author suggests addressing the issue of the hidden curriculum, the unwritten and unspoken values, dispositions, and social and behavioral expectations that govern the interactions between...
Topics: ERIC Archive, First Generation College Students, Higher Education, Graduation Rate, Affirmative...
When looking at social injustice and the oppression of "others" in the U.S., one can look no further than the political leadership of their government to take the moral and ethical responsibility to eradicate such injustices. Looking at the political leadership, the president is held accountable and sets the agenda which will promote, hinder, or ignore social justice issues. Each President has the power to decide what actions and policies will comprise his administration and impact...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Pluralism, Justice, Educational Policy, Leadership, Presidents, Beliefs,...
Understanding the Presidents of the United States, their actions, beliefs, and contradictions, is constructive in understanding the nation's complex societal issues. As a society, Americans inherit the problems, challenges, and legacies of these leaders. Multicultural education and multicultural education theory offer an alternative lens from which to analyze and interpret the actions and inactions of the Presidents. This article, the fourth in a series about American Presidents and their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Multicultural Education, Cultural Pluralism, Social Environment, Educational Policy,...
In this case study, South Carolina's gifted education policy development, changes, and implementation are explored from three perspectives: policymakers, linkers, and adopters. Document review and individual and focus group interviews with policymakers, those who develop statute, regulation, and policy; linkers, district persons who implement policy; and adopters, school-based persons, comprised data sources. Research questions include how did general education reform create change in gifted...
Topics: ERIC Archive, General Education, Gifted, Focus Groups, Educational Change, Case Studies,...
Many hidden assumptions, attitudes, and procedures are practiced routinely in schools without much thought or analysis. One possible explanation for their occurrence is that educators become comfortable with familiar routines and believe they must be doing OK because that's the way schools have always operated. Another likely possibility involves a combination of factors including a lack of time, expertise, energy, or money to look thoughtfully into these issues. In this article, the author...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Educational Attitudes, Educational Policy, Educational...
Since the Oakland Unified School District passed its resolution on Ebonics in 1998, Ebonics has been a lightning rod for controversy of all sorts. The utilitarian intent of the original resolution was lost as the debate of Ebonics became intensely political and, to a great extent, marred by existing patterns of racial hierarchy and stigmatization. Lost in this debate is the fact that numerous scholars have entered their support of Ebonics as a rule-governed linguistic system. Despite the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Dialects, Educational Policy, Politics of Education, Higher Education, Teaching...
Reflecting on her experiences as an educator over the past four years, the author realizes that the Center for the Study of Border Pedagogy (Bord Pedagogy) has profoundly shaped her vision for education, significantly changed her instructional practice, and effectively focused her efforts for social justice and equity in multicultural schools. During her first year as a professor of education, she joined Border Pedagogy's group of visionary educators from schools on both sides of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Preservice Teacher Education, Foreign Countries, Justice, Teaching Methods,...
The Bologna Process is the most important recent development in higher education policy at the European level. Initially North America observed this reorganisation of Europe's higher education architecture with some scepticism and even mild irony--if not outright ignoring it. More recently, however, the obvious success of attempts to create a "European Higher Education Area" has increased the interest on the other side of the Atlantic. This paper provides a short overview of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Competition, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, International...
Cyber schools, also known as virtual schools, are noteworthy charter school developments that provide viable options for education. Charter schools in general and cyber charter schools in particular are not "revenue neutral" to local school districts. Nationwide, hundreds of millions of dollars allocated for education are being routed into charter schools. As parents opt for cyber schools to augment home-school resources, the funding burden shifts from the family to the taxpayers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Funding Formulas, Charter Schools, Governance, Virtual Classrooms, Educational...
Reforms in education and training are the order of the day in the spirit of maintaining relevance in this changing world. This paper looks at the development of vocational education and training (VET) in Kenya at three levels: the past, the present and the future directions. A brief historical discussion forms a basis for understanding the trends in Kenya's VET. A discussion of the current state of affairs highlights the main issues that are at play in Kenya's VET sector. From the issues that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Educational History,...
The German dual apprenticeship system has traditionally been viewed as an effective system for generating a highly skilled workforce in the trades, crafts and service sectors. In addition, countries and systems looking to improve their own approaches to vocational education and training (VET) have considered as exemplary the main features of the "dual system" (that is, two learning sites and shared responsibility between private employers and public vocational schools). Nevertheless,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Comparative Analysis, Vocational Education, Competency Based...
The poor performance of the education sector in Nigeria has become very worrisome. What is the problem? Is the educational policy faulty or is it the implementation that is faulty? What are the implications for national development? These are the issues explored in this paper, based on a literature review approach. The findings blame the distortions in the educational system on the ineffective implementation engendered primarily by lack of political will, lack of continuity of programs, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Program Implementation, Performance Factors,...
This article reviews current literature and discussion about the policies and sites of Australian adult education and training and their potential impact on the development of social capital in a regional context. The review stems from a current research project examining the impact of participation in adult education by people from diverse cultural backgrounds in a regional town in northern Victoria. There is evidence that adult education can transform individuals via access to new knowledge...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Foreign Countries, Public Education, Student Diversity, Educational...
The Leventis Foundation (Nigeria) Agricultural Schools (LFNAS) are schools established to train youths to develop their state and their nation in the area of food production. This study sought to assess the trainability of enrollees in the three operating LFNAS. Five research questions were posed. The CIPP evaluation model was adopted. The population and sample for the study consisted of a total of 247 enrollees. Questionnaires, structured interviews and observational techniques were used to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Career Development, Economic Development, Developing Nations,...
Influencing government policy in adult learning areas requires consistent efforts in having findings noticed by educational policymakers. Submissions by Adult Learning Australia and researchers have called for unified educational policies and practices across Australia. This paper argues that, whilst it is important to address macro issues of policy formation, research into micro issues can also be valuable in assisting policy formation. Using information technology and communication teaching...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Policy Formation, Adult Learning, Older Adults, Information Technology, Foreign...