This paper explores some of the historical and political ancestries of constructivism. In it, I suggest that there are dark and potentially ecologically disastrous themes hidden in the happy use of constructivism in contemporary education.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Constructivism (Learning), Ecology, Self Esteem, Negative Attitudes, Philosophy,...
In recent years there has been a marked increase in the output of literature linking economics with education. In the past, most of the professional literature in this area dealt either with educational finance (the economics of education) or, in a general way, with the role of education in economic development. Current literature continues to deal with these two fields, but in such a way as to introduce a new field, or at least to direct attention to new uses for materials developed in the two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Human Capital, Role of Education, Labor Force...
This paper makes a case for "good politics for good education", with special reference to Nigeria. It surveys the impact of good and bad politics on the attainment of Meaningful Access to education with special focus on Nigeria's Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. Good politics is to be likened to what the French call "la politique au sense noble du terme" (politics in the noble sense of the term--or statesmanship) while bad politics is to be likened to a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Preschool Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Democracy,...
The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2009 proceedings, see ED504973.]
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Studies, Proverbs, Social Justice, Global Approach, Photography, Visual Aids,...
This paper relies on documentary analysis available from primary and secondary data to identify policies that were put in place to arrest the shift of the Tanzanian educational system during the last decade of the 20th century from "Education for Self Reliance" to "Education and Training Policy"; to pick one policy and develop a discussion about how an issue was implemented in the educational system and in the larger system; and briefly to argue for the political and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Education, Data Analysis, Developing Nations, Educational Policy, Foreign...
There is an increasing tendency on the part of international development players to redefine their relationships as "partnerships." This paper explores the concept of development partnerships, particularly those formed for the benefit of children. A discussion of the differences in the context, form and substance of the discourses and settings in which partnership is used provides a framework for fixing a more precise meaning for the concept in the domain of development partnerships....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Cooperation, Community Development, Developing Nations, Economic Development,...
This paper reviews the key issues and methodologies involved in the replication of social programs, as they pertain to non-profit sector development in the United States and in international development. The related process of knowledge transfer and dissemination, as well as the more specific strategies involved in replication and going-to-scale are examined. Strategies discussed include the franchise approach, mandated replication, staged replication, concept replication, and spontaneous...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Children, Community Development, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Foreign...
This final report describes activities and accomplishments of a federally supported 3-year project at Haverford and Bryn Mawr Colleges (Pennsylvania) to develop three interdisciplinary "conference courses" in international affairs. The courses were offered in the political science department and were titled "North-South Cooperation for Third World Development"; "Human Rights in International Affairs"; and "Issues in the Inter-American Dialogue." The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Liberties, College Curriculum, College Instruction, Cooperative Learning,...
This document, a handbook for teaching peace education, is for use as part of a carefully planned strategy to achieve both the substantive and normative goals of peace education. Objectives include knowledge of the causes of violence and injustice and the possibilities of transcending them and attitudes favoring the behavioral and structural changes such transcendence will require. The handbook provides a counterbalance to most mainstream curricula that assume the inevitability of most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conflict Resolution, Controversial Issues (Course Content), Developing Nations,...
This book discusses foreign policy issues and provides background information on current topics. This edition examines the following major issues: (1) "Conflict in Former Yugoslavia: Quest for Solutions" (Susan L. Woodward); (2) "South Africa: Forging a Democratic Union" (Jean Herskovits); (3) "Environmental Crisis in Former Soviet Bloc: Whose Problem? Who Pays?" (William Sweet); (4) "Trade with the Pacific Rim: Pressure or Cooperation?" (Jinny St. Goar);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African History, Developing Nations, Environment, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
This briefing book provides background information on current foreign policy issues. This edition discusses the following major issues: (1) "U.S. in a New World: What Goals? What Priorities?"; (2) "United Nations: What Role in the New World?"; (3) "Germany's Role: In Europe? In the Atlantic Alliance?"; (4) "China: New Reforms, Old Politics?"; (5) "Trade and the Global Economy: Projecting U.S. Interests"; (6) "Russia and the Central Asian...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Developing Nations, Diplomatic History, Economics, Foreign Countries,...
Foreign study has been growing worldwide since the end of World War II. There is a significant flow of students from less developed countries to more developed ones. This paper presents findings of a study that assessed two theories of development, modernization theory and dependency theory, and applied these theories to identify the impact of foreign study on national development. Modernization theorists assert the positive effects of foreign study and dependency theorists argue that foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Economic Impact, Foreign...
This guide is to help students become more aware of the wide variety of United Nations' (UN) activities taking place in the world; to give students an interest in the affairs of the UN; and to lay the foundations for continuing interest in the UN. In this activity students read articles of recent world events in which the UN has been involved, then follow up with discussion and writing activities. A reference list of UN organizations and conferences for further activities is included. Students...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conflict, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This seventh annual report of the Peace Corps states that the two greatest achievements of 1968 are intangible. First, the Peace Corps achieved a new measure of cooperation with the people in its host countries. In the summer of 1968 for the first time, hosts helped to recruit volunteers in the United States and became members of overseas staffs. Second, as volunteers came home, hundreds answered the call of large cities seeking high-quality teachers for low-quality schools. Also during 1968,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annual Reports, Cross Cultural Training, Developing Nations, Field Experience...
The document resulted from a 1965 conference at Ditchley Park, England, which convened to discuss the principles and policies of educational aid, especially in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. The conference was based on the idea that the relationship of Britain and the United States with developing countries is becoming increasingly important in education since developing countries must look, in part, to external aid in terms of money, teachers, overseas training places, textbooks and other...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conference Reports, Cooperative Planning, Curriculum, Developing Nations, Educational...
The U.S. Government has recognized that literacy, education, and the availability of books are essential for the development of a nation's human and institutional resources. This policy stresses the importance of encouraging book publishing capability in developing countries, and this pamphlet is designed to stimulate the interest of both Americans and leaders in the developing countries by indicating how publishing can be strengthened. The pamphlet specifically guides: (1) officers of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Books, Developing Nations, Federal Government, Financial Support, Foreign Policy,...
Exploring the dilemma and responsibilities of power, this social studies unit begins with an article by a Chinese Communist who attacks America as aggressively imperialistic and ends with an article by an Englishman who lauds American imperialism. Sections of the unit discuss (1) the nature of imperialism, (2) the substance of European imperialism, as well as the political pressures and ideologies, at the end of the 19th century, (3) the imperialistic course taken in the early 20th century by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Curriculum Guides, Developing Nations, Economic Factors, European...
Contents: Honorable Eugene V. McAuliffe US-USSR Competition and Evolving Balances of Power; The US-USSR Strategic Equation -- Strategic and major substrategic forces; The Third World and US-Soviet Relationships; The People's Republic of China and the US-Soviet Relationships; Economic Interdependence and the US-Soviet Relationships; and International Technology Transfers.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stovall,Don O, NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON D C, *NATIONAL SECURITY,...
Contents: Beyond the Open Door -- U.S. Policy and Access to Global Resources (Rept. no. HI-2148-DP); Averting Economic Warfare in Raw Materials -- U.S. Agriculture as a Blue Chip; Changing American Foreign Policy in the Middle East -- An Analysis (Rept. no. HI-2195/2-P); Iraq as a Soviet Proxy on the Persian Gulf in the Next Decade (Rept. no. HI-2168-P); and Energy in the Third World (Rept. no. HI-2094-P).
Topics: DTIC Archive, Arad, Uzi B, Smernoff, Barry J, HUDSON INST CROTON-ON-HUDSON NY, *INTERNATIONAL...
The simulation game "Conflict", stressing decision making in foreign policy, has several specific objectives which are: 1) to demonstrate the complexity of decision making in foreign policy; 2) to raise questions on foreign relations; 3) to make students aware of problems in world affairs; 4) to help students understand relationships that exist between nations; and, 5) to gain insight into the difficulty of putting theory into actual practice. Conflict in the Middle East is a brief...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Class Activities, Conflict, Developing Nations, Educational Games, Foreign Policy,...
Since the establishment of the pioneer USIS library in Mexico City in 1942, the nature of The United States Information Service (USIS) libraries has been subject to political disputes. The question of whether or not they should function as propaganda arms or information centers still remains a polemical issue. The USIA became an independent agency of the executive branch of government in 1953. Since then, the number of U.S. Information centers has grown to its present level of 133. Each Center...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Budgeting, Developing Nations, Foreign Policy, History, Information...
This is the third of seven resource units for a twelfth grade course on value conflicts and policy decisions. The topic for this unit is the underdeveloped countries. The objectives are listed as to generalizations, skills, and values. The double-page format relates objectives to pertinent content, teaching procedures, and instructional materials. This unit focuses on the problems of underdeveloped countries around the world in order to understand the relationship of these problems to foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Course Content, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Economics...
The international exchange of technical information is discussed in relation to U.S. information policy since World War II. Facets of military needs and policies and the involvement of interested agencies (Department of State, Library of Congress, National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Atomic Energy Commission, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, etc.) are described. The freedom of information concept is covered, as are the evolution of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Federal Programs, Foreign Policy, Information Dissemination,...
The book contains eight lectures on technological progress and social change in Europe. The lecture titles are: Social and Economic Aspects on European Technological Progress; Migration Between Poor and Rich Countries in Europe: The Exceptional Case of Finland; The Scandinavian Countries Faced with the Third World's Problems; Policy Measures to Level Economic and Social Regional Differences in the Scandinavian Countries; The European Family Farms in a Technologically Changing World; The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agriculture, Change Agents, Developing Nations, Economic Change, Educational...
This report is based on a visit of the World Affairs Delegation to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in October 1975. The delegation was composed of 18 executives from U.S. organizations whose purpose was to develop an American understanding of world affairs. Observations are reported which are pertinent as evidence of the value of such exchanges and for suggesting how China might relate to world affairs in the near future. Specifically examined are Chinese foreign views encountered during...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chinese Culture, Developing Nations, Exchange Programs, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
The booklet, designed to explore the issues of international justice in the context of the Gospel, reviews relations between the United States and Panama. It includes background materials and a study guide for parish leaders and other educators. The central question pertaining to the Panama Canal concerns the rights of the United States according to the 1903 treaty. This treaty states that the United States can exercise "in perpetuity" power and authority over the ten-mile strip of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Catholics, Christianity, Church Responsibility, Conferences,...
Proceedings are presented of a 1977 conference about aspects of international trade negotiations of importance to developing countries. Participants included staff from Washington-based international organizations, various United States departments, Congressional staff, and students of the Foreign Service Institute. Transcripts of three addresses are presented, including comments by two respondents for each paper. The first paper considers special and differential (S&D) treatment measures...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Conference Reports, Conflict Resolution, Developed Nations,...
Focusing upon the role of the United States government in furthering educational and cultural relations with other nations, the book presents a history of cooperative exchange between the United States and Latin America from 1936-48. The report, based upon primary source material in the form of communications between the Department of State and foreign service posts in Latin America, is presented in six major sections. Section I investigates origins of the Pan American Movement in the early...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Exchange, Culture Contact,...
This report on a preconference symposium held July 31, 1979 presents recommendations developed to interpret the conference theme of library and information services for increasing international understanding. Five discussion groups were organized to consider (1) the current status of international information flow, (2) overcoming barriers to international information flow, (3) impact of current technology on international information exchange, (4) economic aspects of international information...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Foreign Policy, Futures (of Society), Global Approach,...
To identify why developing countries have inadequate abilities to establish sound financial management in the public sector, a study of five Latin American countries in varying developmental stages was conducted. The review of U.S. assistance activities and all other programs designed to provide the countries visited with indigenous financial and management expertise was planned and executed as a case study. A symposium followed in which a panel of experts reviewed results to define existing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Developing Nations, Educational Needs, Educational Programs, Federal...
Employment potential in developed and developing nations is analyzed from an economic viewpoint. Estimates by the International Labor Office are that the global labor force will grow by about 900 million people from 1980 to 2000. It is projected that these 900 million people will join the current labor force including approximately 50 million unemployed and about 300 million underemployed. Accurate measures of employment are difficult because different countries count employment in different...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Economic Factors,...
This paper provides an analytical look at the evolving relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. The author explores the prospects for international security and advocates a number of policies which would benefit both societies. The first section in the booklet discusses how U.S. security cannot be assured even if the Congress goes along with the administration's request to approve expenditures of more than a trillion dollars on defense over the next five years. What we buy...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Disarmament, Foreign Policy, Global Approach,...
Recognizing that science and technology (S/T) have become increasingly relevant to important public policy issues, Congress has mandated the periodic preparation of a "Five Year Outlook for Science and Technology" to help U.S. policymakers anticipate and deal with these issues more effectively. This book, the result of a study conducted by the American Association for the Advancement of Science for the second such "Outlook," identifies and explores domestic and international...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agriculture, Depleted Resources, Developing Nations, Energy, Environmental Standards,...
Five discussion topics concerning peace were dealt with by conference participants, who included university faculty and officials from national and international agencies and organizations. The first topic, North-South relations and international security, considers U.S. security and the Third World, U.S. economic interests in the developing world, U.S. policies and North-South relations, and the role of the private sector in international relations. Topics in the second discussion series,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Disarmament, Economics, Energy, Foreign...
This U.S. presidential commission report outlines specific recommendations for eliminating world hunger in the 1980's. Following a summarization of world hunger problems, the report addresses specific ways to deal with world hunger. Short-term goals include taking immediate action to ensure that poor people are not hungry, assuring that infants and children are adequately nourished, eliminating diseases resulting from specific nutritional deficiencies, and providing disaster relief. Long-term...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Foreign Policy, Global Approach, Government...
Six articles in this volume focus on anthropological diplomacy--the study of the theory and practice of peace and conflict resolution among societies, based on knowledge of a society's fundamental cultural premises. The first article, by Ronald Cohen, considers questions pertinent to anthropological diplomacy, including the impact of diverse cultures on the diplomatic process, the importance of cultural symbols in negotiation, and the supranational character of international agencies. Next,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Comparative Analysis, Conflict Resolution, Cross Cultural Studies,...
The focus of this volume is anthropological diplomacy: the promotion of peace and prevention of war by knowing, understanding, and appreciating the basic affirmations of society. Eight articles examine the role of race, language, and culture in inter-ethnic and international relations. Vinson Sutlive, Jr. examines the interrelationship of race and culture. Mamitua Saber presents the Philippines as a case study of the processes of cultural integration. Mario Zamora writes about the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Context,...
Proceedings are summarized of a conference in which 62 foreign policy professionals met to recommend strategies for peace in the areas of U.S.-Soviet competition in the Third World, space weapons and arms control, objectives of U.S. economic and security assistance, and the United States and UNESCO. Four sections focusing on each of these areas are presented. Section 1 examines the history and development of U. S. and Soviet policies toward the Third World, identifies regions with the greatest...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conflict Resolution, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Disarmament, Economic...
The third of three annual assessments concentrating on the relationship between the world economy and its environmental support systems, this edition expands earlier themes on how economic demands of a world population approaching 5 billion affects the earth's natural systems and resources to embrace threats to security as well. The first of 11 sections, "A Generation of Deficits" (Lester R. Brown) examines not only deficits and debts in the United States, but in other countries as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Trends, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Disarmament, Ecological...
The Reagan administration's annual report to the Congress on international activities in the fields of science and technology (S&T) for fiscal year 1984 consists of three parts. The two chapters in part I (S&T in American diplomacy) examine S&T in American foreign policy and resources necessary for successful diplomacy. The two chapters in part II (comprehensive S&T programs) discuss S&T in multilateral organizations and bilateral S&T programs. Part III (specialized...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agriculture, Developing Nations, Energy, Engineering, Federal Programs, Foreign...
Topics concerned with the experiments and problems of self-rule in Third World societies are presented in nine essays. The essays are: (1) "Democracy in Iran: The Untenable Dream" (John D. Stempel); (2) "Afghanistan's Struggle for National Liberation" (Hafizullah Emadi); (3) "Turkey's Experience with Political Democracy" (Paul J. Magnarella); (4) "Reasons for the Failure of Democracy in African Countries Which Have Become Independent Since 1960" (Roland...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conflict Resolution, Democracy, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Dissent,...
The goal of the Stanley Foundation is to encourage study, research, and discussion of timely international issues in such a way as to promote understanding of and tolerance for their complexity and to contribute to a secure peace with freedom and justice. Presented are four conference reports with a common characteristic. In each case, the United States has been executing policies which have been moderately successful but which are based on broad assumptions that may no longer be valid. In some...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Higher...
The United States policy of branding governments--especially those in developing nations--as "good guys" or "bad guys" has been costly. The price has been paid in lost lives, confrontations with the Soviet Union, loss of diplomatic flexibility, and domestic political stresses. It seems an opportune time, now that the United States is moving toward a more confrontational foreign policy, to examine past practices and policies toward radical regimes and, if possible, develop a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Authoritarianism, Conflict, Developing Nations, Diplomatic History, Dissent, Foreign...
This paper looks at the position taken in available literature and evaluation reports of multinational and bilateral agencies in regard to vocational education in developing countries. Section 1 provides background on such topics as links between education and development, support of vocational education, diversified secondary education, foreign aid, public institutions, and costs. Section 2 summarizes criticism that focused on the emphasis on financial support for formal public vocational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Financial Support, Foreign Countries,...
To provide a better understanding of the depictions of countries by the news media, it is necessary to determine whether similar portraits are presented in all types of reporting or whether there are different, or even contradictory, portrayals of foreign countries within individual newspapers considered nationally influential. A study examined the images presented of the governments of El Salvador and Nicaragua in four U.S. elite newspapers during 1983, primarily focusing on the frequency and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bias, Developing Nations, Editorials, Editors, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
The status of efforts to integrate women into the development assistance projects and programs funded by the U.S. government was the subject of this hearing. Representative Elizabeth J. Patterson, Democrat from South Carolina, pointed out that women in developing nations must work 17 hours per day for the survival of their families. Testimony was given by Dr. Irene Tinker, director of the Equity Policy Center, who reviewed the strategies followed by the Agency for International Development...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Females, Foreign Policy, Hearings,...
Over the past 8 years, the debate over U.S. policy in Central America has degenerated into an unproductive partisan clash that has obscured the issues and eliminated the possibility of a bipartisan consensus. Conference participants agreed that Central America, for historic, geographic, economic, and political reasons is of vital interest to the United States and that disengagement is not a viable option. U.S. credibility, in the region and at home, requires a clear set of priorities and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Financial Support, Foreign Countries,...
The Stanley Foundation annually assembles a panel of experts from the public and private sectors to assess specific foreign policy issues and to recommend future directions. The round-table discussion summarized in this report focused on the future of Africa and the changing global context of U.S. policy toward Africa. While the Cold War has ended, in Africa there is little understanding of what that change in policy means for Africa, for the United States, and for policies toward Africa. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Studies, Current Events, Developing Nations, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
This report summarizes the roundtable discussion of 19 China experts at a conference on the development of U.S. policy convened four months after the democracy demonstrations that took place in China in spring, 1989. The group's discussion highlighted five major areas of uncertainty over China's course in the short-term to intermediate future: (1) the extent of changes in Chinese life caused by the abrupt political changes of May and June 1989, and the eroding economy; (2) understanding key...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chinese Culture, Current Events, Developing Nations, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
An annual assembly of a panel of experts from the public and private sectors assessed specific foreign policy issues and recommended future direction. The oneset of the debt crisis in 1982 generated fears regarding the future of democracy in Latin America. The focus on the assembled experts was on the role of external pressures and the impact of U.S. policy, such as the Baker and Brady Plans, and of international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Debt (Financial), Developing Nations, Economic Factors, Economic...