As a Native American with advanced college training in the field of education in northwest lower Michigan, the author has increasingly encountered denial on the part of educational professionals in the region as a response to statistics on race. During 2002, she spent nine months reviewing and renewing her statistical sources for use in nonfiction essays and presentations. Those statistics that she has been able to renew have been consistent with sources she used a decade ago, indicating very...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnic Groups, American Indians, Racial Integration, Case Studies, Etiology, Social...
Some educators have developed teaching strategies to address issues of racism and discrimination in the classroom. Although these exercises are provocative and no doubt meaningful for students, they generally do not address the impact that racial group membership has on student response to provocative issues like affirmative action. In the author's experiences, students suspect that other students engage what Cornell West calls "racial reasoning" or something similar to it (West...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Group Membership, Student Reaction, Ethnic Groups, Affirmative Action, Racial...
The authors describe various parenting behaviors, such as nurturance, discipline, teaching, and language use, and explain how researchers measure them. They note racial and ethnic variations in several behaviors. Most striking are differences in language use. Black and Hispanic mothers talk less with their young children than do white mothers and are less likely to read to them daily. They also note some differences in harshness. When researchers measuring school readiness gaps control for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Problems, School Readiness, Discipline, Mothers, Child Rearing, Parent Child...
This article allows readers to look at racial and ethnic disparities in school readiness from a neuroscience perspective. Although researchers have traditionally measured gaps in school readiness using broad achievement tests, they can now assess readiness in terms of more specific brain-based cognitive functions. Three neurocognitive systems--cognitive control, learning and memory, and reading--are essential for success in school. Thanks to recent advances in brain imaging, it is now possible...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Readiness, Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Neurology, Memory, Brain,...
Many young children in immigrant families do not have good access to health and education services. To the extent that their life prospects are compromised as a result, these children--and the entire society--suffer. This article discusses the needs of children from birth to age eight, with a particular focus on the education needs of young children in immigrant families. Key observations include the following: (1) Children's skills in kindergarten and their achievement at the end of third...
Topics: ERIC Archive, After School Programs, Young Children, Family Literacy, Immigrants, Interpersonal...
According to data from the National Center for Health Statistics, childhood obesity rates are highest among ethnic minorities. It is very helpful to consider the role of culture when attempting to analyze and explain obesity rates in ethnic minority populations. Culture influences the attitudes and beliefs toward exercise, food and nutrition, and body image. It is important for professionals such as teachers, doctors, counselors, and health and fitness educators to be culturally informed, or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Obesity, Minority Group Children, Ethnic Groups, Cultural Influences, Cultural...
The purpose of this study was to compare four distinct Hawaiian districts on the island of Oahu regarding their efforts in presenting quality health education and physical activity. The ethnic groups represented in this study included Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Asian and Caucasian. Questionnaires based on the Action for Healthy Kids Healthy Schools Summit Survey were sent to 168 schools on Oahu. The return response of the surveys was 79% with 132 schools either returning the survey or being...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Education, Elementary Schools, Health Education, Physical Activities,...
Most people in higher education believe in continuity, in respecting traditions. That makes it easy to miss the startling changes and compelling opportunities that confront the academic enterprise. In this article, the author presents a few trends that are dramatically altering higher education in New England: (1) more women than men are attending college; (2) Hispanics are the most rapidly growing ethnic and racial minority in New England; (3) the number of students taking online courses has...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Foreign Countries, Educational Trends, Trend Analysis, Hispanic...
If one was an African-American student in a large Northern city 50 years ago, his public school, very likely, would have been segregated--even in New England. Only one year earlier, in "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas," the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled that legally sanctioned school segregation violated the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. Following the Supreme Court decision, Massachusetts took legislative action, recognizing that segregation in housing had...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African American Students, Neighborhoods, Desegregation Plans, Racial Segregation,...
Invitational theory uses many elements to define, describe, and delineate its beliefs and practices. For example, the Five Ps of people, places, policies, programs, and processes are consistently cited in the literature and research as the framework for assessing inviting practices. Another example is the presentation of four areas of inviting: (1) Inviting Oneself Personally; (2) Inviting Oneself Professionally; (3) Inviting Others Personally; and (4) Inviting Others Professionally. Such...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Theories, Human Relations, Researchers, Cultural Differences, Theory...
This paper explores the history and processes associated with the transformation of a northern Canadian Aboriginal school into a culture-based community school for its Metis, Inuvialuit and Gwichin citizens. In particular, the role of the principal, a local Aboriginal, as a leader in initiating and facilitating the transformative change is examined. The factors providing the impetus for change and processes fostering change are examined through the critical lens of Kaupapa Maori Theory, a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Community Schools, Canada Natives, Foreign Countries, Ethnic...
The recruitment of respondents belonging to ethnic minorities poses important challenges in social and health research. This paper reflects on the enablers and barriers to recruitment that we encountered in our research work with persons belonging to ethnic minorities. Additionally, we applied the Matching Model of Recruitment, a theoretical framework concerning minority recruitment, to guide our reflection. We also explored its applicability as a research design tool. In assessing our research...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Research Design, Social Environment, Minority Groups, Recruitment, Sampling, Ethnic...
The current study investigated how ethnicity and gender affect changes in the self-esteem of early adolescents during the middle school years. Self-report data were collected from more than 4,000 early adolescents from three ethnic groups: European American, African American, and Hispanic and analyzed using a consecutive three-year cross-sectional design to investigate group trajectories. Distinct group trajectories of self-esteem from sixth to eighth grade were found for each ethnic group....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnic Groups, Grade 8, Grade 6, Gender Differences, Ethnicity, Grade 7, Self Esteem,...
This paper examines reading achievement when the maternal/paternal language has become a de facto second language. The performance of a cohort of Greek-Australian high school students (N = 270) on a diagnostic Greek reading test was significantly below that of pupils in second to fourth grades in Greece. The mean item difficulty for Greek-Australian high school students was 0.35 compared with 0.51 for second grade, 0.69 for third grade and 0.80 for fourth grade pupils in Greece. The pattern of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Second Language Learning, Reading Achievement, Foreign Countries, Grade 4, Grade 3,...
With the increased focus on issues of diversity and multiculturalism in the United States and abroad, educators and clinicians have become more and more concerned about the feasibility and validity of their assessment instruments and practices for children and adults from nonWhite backgrounds. Many researchers emphasize that when working with racially diverse groups in multiple settings, issues relating to their cultures often differ from those of the dominant group and thus warrant different...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Multicultural Education, Psychological Evaluation, Cultural Pluralism, Evaluation...
Since the 19th century and still today, persistent stereotypic beliefs about Blacks have portrayed them as athletically superior while intellectually inferior to Whites. In contrast, Whites have been portrayed as athletically inferior but intellectually superior to Blacks. These types of race-based stereotypic beliefs have present day implications for youth, such as imposing social and psychological burdens on performance and thus potentially reducing a student's ability to perform to her or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Activities, Ethnic Groups, Whites, Multiracial Persons, Ethnic Stereotypes,...
Background: The World Health Organization released lower Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoff points for Asian individuals to account for increased body fat percentage (BF%) and risk of obesity-related conditions at a lower body mass index. Purpose: This preliminary study: (1) explores the impact of utilizing Asian BMI standards (compared to universal standards) on the overweight/obese categorization of Asian females and males; and (2) determines whether age, gender, acculturation, and living...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Obesity, Body Composition, Health Education, Females, Acculturation, Risk,...
The purpose of this investigation was to describe the lived experiences of racism for second-generation Canadian women of South Asian descent and how this affected their identity. Six adult co-researchers shared their experiences of what occurred when faced with racism. A phenomenological approach was employed, out of which five categories emerged. Findings indicated that the acculturative process in negotiating experiences of racism resulted in these women having a multifaceted, complex...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Research Methodology, Phenomenology, Females, Ethnic Groups, Non...
Government policy in England has for many years encouraged parental involvement in their children's education. In response, most primary schools have developed a range of strategies designed to assist parents in supporting their children's learning at home, particularly in learning to read. However, it is a common assumption that parents from some social and ethnic groups are "harder to reach" than others and--indeed--that some are even not interested in their children's education....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Literacy Education, Ethnic Groups, Parent Participation, Family Involvement,...
Over the past few decades, in many western countries with large immigrant populations, inequalities in education relating to ethnic background have increased. Interventions traditionally consist of selective compensatory arrangements that focus on instruction in the second language--especially in early stages of schooling--and the treatment of issues of difference, equality and racism within the curriculum. This article discusses recent educational policies that attempt to systematically...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Comparative Education,...
Recent scholarship across many ethnic groups in the United States has consistently shown strong gender differences favoring girls in educational outcomes. This paper examines four areas of research that may shed light on why immigrant girls tend to do better than boys in schools: parental expectations after migration, socialization at home, relations at school, and gendered processes of acculturation and identity formation. The paper concludes that gender is an important segmenting factor in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Class, Females, Ethnic Groups, Outcomes of Education, Gender Differences,...
One of the greatest challenges for the Unites States as a nation, and for Paterson, NJ in particular, is how to attract and retain academically and pedagogically talented teachers for urban schools--teachers who are committed to remain in those schools to do the difficult, long-term work of reform and renewal. This work is critical if urban students are to succeed in post-secondary education and in the world of work. In response to this increasing need, this paper will explore (1) how one...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Urban Schools, Change Agents, Educational Change, Data Analysis, Minority Groups,...
Student teachers are rarely encouraged by experienced educators to consult schoolchildren to understand teaching and learning. Sometimes student teachers are not encouraged because of a believed incapacity to interact discernibly with schoolchildren--a belief stemming from minimal life experiences with people unlike themselves. Notions of deficiency attributed to urban youngsters may offer another explanation. Using a phenomenological perspective, this study demonstrates the capacity of eight...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Preservice Teacher Education, Student Teachers, Graduate Students, White Students,...
This chapter focuses on indicators of postsecondary participation, looking at the characteristics of students who enroll in postsecondary education, students who receive financial aid, and students who receive different levels of postsecondary degrees. Between 1976 and 2004, minority enrollments increased as a percentage of undergraduate enrollments, from 17 to 32 percent. Since 1976, the percentage of female undergraduate enrollments has surpassed that of male undergraduate enrollments. In...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Graduate Students, Females, Enrollment Trends, Postsecondary Education, Student...
Despite the multi-categorical concept of giftedness having widespread acceptance throughout the world, cultural giftedness does not appear to be widely recognised or provided for. This paper examines what cultural giftedness means for Maori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) and describes how a culturally responsive learning environment can contribute to identifying and providing for gifted Maori students. While the paper focuses on gifted Maori learners, the underlying principles are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Indigenous Populations, Gifted, Foreign Countries, Ethnic Groups, Pacific Islanders,...
In this longitudinal study, relationships were examined between educational aspirations and educational attainment for Australian young adults from different ethnic and social status backgrounds. Participants included 6,811 (3,547 women and 3,264 men) young adults (mean age = 20.3 years) who were in Year 9 when the study began. In the analysis, the AM Statistical Software was used to take into account the design features of the sample. The results indicated (a) that family background and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Status, Ethnic Groups, Family Characteristics, Educational Attainment, Young...
This paper discusses a neglected aspect of English in China, its impact on ethnic minorities and their languages. It begins with an overview of the current situation of the minorities and their languages then, based on fieldwork conducted in Jilin and Guizhou Provinces, it shows two trends: English currently has a limited presence in minority areas and there is a strong desire to learn it. However, achieving additive bilingualism is made difficult by lack of minority cultural content on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Bilingualism, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning,...
Place, as a metaphor, can be experienced in different ways, existing or created. If created, space can be Foucault's "placeless place", a utopia. A place that exists, however, can be a heterotopic space. A heterotopia is what we as individuals interpret it to be: it can be a space for reconstituting the self, rewriting the scripts of identity and placing the self within a context. This paper looks at the experiences of 18 Greek and Italian women who found a heterotopic space in which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Immigration, Immigrants, Females, Self Concept, Adjustment (to Environment),...
This paper examines social entrepreneurship in a Burmese refugee community as it strives to provide primary education to its children. Despite facing discrimination and fearing Thai authorities, our project leaders exemplified social entrepreneurship, most notably building social capital and agency within the refugee community, and surprisingly resolving intractable problems. Key processes included helping parents claim ownership of the program, depoliticizing the children's access to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Primary Education, Foreign Countries, Access to Education, Entrepreneurship, Social...
The racial and ethnic diversification of the U.S. population presents a clear call for health educators to surmount the barriers they have encountered in reaching U.S. racial and ethnic groups with culturally appropriate health promotion and prevention messages. As the population becomes more culturally and ethnically diverse, the preparation of culturally competent health educators and the development of culturally appropriate health education and promotion programs becomes crucial. Health...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Education, Health Promotion, Ethnic Groups, Cultural Awareness, National...
The No Child Left Behind Act has brought great attention to the high school graduation rate as one of the mandatory accountability measures for public school systems. However, there is no consensus on how to calculate the high school graduation rate given the lack of longitudinal databases that track individual students. This study reviews literature on and practices in reporting high school graduation rates, compares graduation rate estimates yielded from alternative methods, and estimates...
Topics: ERIC Archive, High Schools, Graduation Rate, Ethnic Groups, Accountability, Literature Reviews,...
Ethnic minority students traditionally pursue degrees and careers in the food and agricultural sciences at rates lower than their non-minority counterparts. To help improve upon this situation, the Food and Agricultural Sciences Institute (FASI) was created to expose academically talented high school students to opportunities within the food and agricultural sciences. FASI provided a week of laboratory experiments, classroom discussions, hands-on activities and demonstrations, and tours of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Careers, Agricultural Education, Minority Groups, Laboratory Experiments, High School...
Resilience and other positive psychological constructs are gaining attention among school psychologists. Theoretically, external assets (e.g., support from caring adults, participation in meaningful activities) help to meet youths' basic developmental needs, which, in turn, promote the growth of internal assets (e.g., ability to problem solve, empathize with others). Despite this knowledge, existing measures of resilience-building assets are underutilized. With the aim of facilitating broader...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Psychologists, Surveys, Psychometrics, Evaluation, Grade 7, Grade 9, Grade 11,...
The labor force is the number of people aged 16 or older who are either working or looking for work. It does not include active-duty military personnel or institutionalized people, such as prison inmates. Quantifying this total supply of labor is a way of determining how big the economy can get. Labor force participation rates vary significantly between men and women and among different age, racial, and ethnic groups. Each group also has varying population growth rates. These variations change...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Force Nonparticipants, Race, Females, Population Growth, Labor Supply, Labor...
This paper examines student cross-group relationships in a comprehensive high school in Baltimore County, Maryland, between 1985 and 2000. The findings of this research, situated at the intersections of three lenses of inquiry--oral historical analysis, ethnography, and critical studies--bring to light how institutional norms, broader demographic shifts, and newly migrated and immigrated youth's mistrust of one another and of the educational system combined to reshape race, class, and gender...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Suburban Schools, High Schools, Ethnography, Social Influences, Oral History,...
Background: Low rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening persist due to individual, provider, and system level barriers. Purpose: To develop and obtain initial feedback about a CRC screening educational video from community members and medical professionals. Methods: Focus groups of patients were conducted prior to the development of the CRC screening video, patient focus groups provided initial feedback about the video and medical personnel made recommendations prior to final video editing....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Feedback (Response), Health Education, Ethnic Groups, Focus Groups, Cancer, Editing,...
The New Mexico Next Step Plan, a postsecondary career transition plan for grades 8 through 12, aims to enhance relationships between all educational stakeholders: students, parents/caregivers, community, and administrators. These stakeholder relationships are intended to close the achievement gap among all students, in particular, ethnic youth. Professional school counselors need to lead this charge. Qualitative feedback from a survey and a compliance audit demonstrate how the school counseling...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Counseling, School Counselors, Career Development, Stakeholders, Achievement...
Almost 30 percent of the more than 68 million young adults aged eighteen to thirty-four in the United States today are either foreign born or of foreign parentage. As these newcomers make their transitions to adulthood, say Ruben Rumbaut and Golnaz Komaie, they differ significantly not only from one another but also from their native-parentage counterparts, including blacks and whites. The authors document the demographic changes in the United States over the past forty years and describe the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnic Groups, Young Adults, Social Mobility, Immigration, Labor Force, Immigrants,...
This article overviews the status, ecology, use, and the teaching/learning of English in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It does so along two overlapping dimensions. A socio-demographic dimension situates the ecology of English in Kerala in the general Indian context, and relates it to the ethno-linguistic identity of Kerala. A second applied linguistic dimension tries to explore some of the distinctive features of English taught and used in Kerala, and comments on the prevailing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Applied Linguistics, Ecology, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning,...
This article explores the role of race in new millennium schools and its impact on students. Multicultural, psycho-social, and academic issues are addressed, and interventions for school counselors are discussed. Racially correlated disparities in K-12 education are apparent in: test scores, grades, retention and drop-out rates, identification for special education and gifted programs, extracurricular and co-curricular involvement, tracking, and disciplinary rates showing disproportionate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Race, School Counseling, Intervention, Ethnic Groups, Student Diversity, School...
This paper examines the concept of institutional racism in Irish adult education. The study of institutional racism in education has been an area relatively untouched by Irish academics to date, and so represents a green field for interested academics and adult educators. For the purpose of providing some context for this concept, a brief outline of race and racism in Ireland is included. This paper will not seek to provide definitive answers to a multifaceted problem, instead, it is intended...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Cultural Pluralism, Foreign Countries, Teaching Experience, Adult...
This study explored the extent to which student emotion management factors and normative orientation (belief that chat rooms have normative standards of conduct similar to face-to-face interaction) circumscribe the sending of hostile messages within electronic relay chat rooms on the Internet. A questionnaire survey collected data from 114 undergraduate and graduate students from a large university in southeastern Michigan. The results of the survey revealed statistically significant...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African American Students, Computer Mediated Communication, Ethnic Groups,...
This paper uses Kenya's survey data to explore ethnic inequalities in education in Kenya. It focuses on some ethnic groups that may have resources and opportunities as a result of their geographical location and ethnic proximity to the ruling elite. The factors examined to explain potential educational inequalities among ethnic groups include the Gross Enrolment Ratios, the number of schools, and the number of qualified teachers. The results suggest a close correspondence of differentials...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Development, Equal Education, Ethnic Groups, Foreign Countries,...
An investigation of the number of ethnic minority teachers was undertaken due to the increased awareness at one Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in Southern California where there were low numbers of minorities entering the teacher credential programs. When approached about the low numbers of ethnic minority students in the teacher preparation program, university administrators agreed with and voiced the need to increase the numbers of ethnic minorities, yet no programs were in place to do...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Teaching (Occupation), Student Attitudes, Hispanic Americans,...
The "Fall Enrollment and Staffing Report 2014" provides a snapshot of enrollments in community and technical colleges during fall quarter 2014. The report addresses the questions most commonly raised regarding the community and technical colleges in Washington. The primary source of information for this document is the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges' (SBCTC) data warehouse, which is derived from the common management information systems used by all community and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Enrollment, Full Time Equivalency, Full Time...
The "Fall Enrollment and Staffing Report 2013" provides a snapshot of enrollments in community and technical colleges during fall quarter 2013. The report addresses the questions most commonly raised regarding the community and technical colleges in Washington. The primary source of information for this document is the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges' (SBCTC) data warehouse, which is derived from the common management information systems used by all community and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Enrollment, Full Time Equivalency, Full Time...
This Annual Measurable Objective (AMO) is designed to keep Florida moving forward toward national and international competitiveness. Florida will compare its National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) scores to those of the top five states and its Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores to those of the ten top-performing nations.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Compliance (Legal), National Competency Tests, International Assessment, Foreign...
The principal purpose of the report for the "Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers" is to provide timely, accurate, and comparative information about the Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers System. This report is intended for use by people who are interested in data relevant to education in the School District Adult General Education and Postsecondary Technical Centers in Florida. The majority of the tables in the fact book are prepared by staff using the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Technical Education, School Districts, General Education,...
The principal purpose of the report for the "Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers" is to provide timely, accurate, and comparative information about the Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers System. This report is intended for use by people who are interested in data relevant to education in the School District Adult General Education and Postsecondary Technical Centers in Florida. The majority of the tables in the fact book are prepared by staff using the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Technical Education, School Districts, General Education,...
The principal purpose of the report for the "Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers" is to provide timely, accurate, and comparative information about the Florida School District Adult and Technical Centers System. This report is intended for use by people who are interested in data relevant to education in the School District Adult General Education and Postsecondary Technical Centers in Florida. The majority of the tables in the fact book are prepared by staff using the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Technical Education, School Districts, General Education,...