THIS STUDY DEALT WITH THE CONCEPT OF DEDUCTIVE LOGIC AND ITS USE BY ADOLESCENTS, AGES 10-18. TWO EMPIRICAL QUESTIONS OF CONCERN IN THIS STUDY WERE (1) THAT OF READINESS FOR MASTERY OF LOGIC AND (2) THAT OF THE NATURAL-CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MASTERY OF LOGIC. TWO DEDUCTION TESTS WERE DEVELOPED, ONE FOR EACH OF THE TYPES OF LOGIC TREATED. THEY WERE THE CORNELL CONDITIONAL-REASONING TEST, FORM X, AND THE CORNELL CLASS-REASONING TEST, FORM X. THE TESTING OF 803 SUBJECTS LED TO (1) THE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Critical Thinking, Logical...
THIS SEMINAR WAS A DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY INTENDED TO STIMULATE RESEARCH AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF ART EDUCATION. PRIOR TO THIS SEMINAR NO SUBSTANTIAL EFFORTS HAD BEEN MADE TO COORDINATE THE VARIOUS ISOLATED EFFORTS AT RESEARCH AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THERE HAD BEEN FEW ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PROBLEM AREAS IN ART EDUCATION OR TO FIND MEANS TO STUDY THEM. THIS SEMINAR ATTEMPTED TO FOCUS UPON FIVE MAJOR PROBLEM AREAS--THE PHILOSOPHICAL AREA, THE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Education, Curriculum Development, Educational Psychology, Educational Research,...
THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIABLES LEADING TO THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF TEACHER TEAMS. THIS PAPER REPORTS A SURVEY OF 533 TEAM MEMBERS AND 242 PRINCIPALS FROM SCHOOLS IN WHICH TEAM TEACHING WAS EMPLOYED AND AN ASSESSMENT OF 63 TEACHERS FROM 15 TEAMS. A SURVEY OF 242 PRINCIPALS INDICATED THAT (1) A SUBSTANTIAL PERCENTAGE OF CURRENT TEAM TEACHING PROGRAMS IS EXPLORATORY, EMPLOYING ONLY ONE TEAM, (2) PLANNING IS INADEQUATE, (3) THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES ARE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Principals, Surveys, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Evaluation, Teacher Participation,...
THIS PROJECT ESTABLISHED PLANS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH ESSENTIAL TO DEFINE AND DEMONSTRATE THE DIMENSION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY NEEDED BY CITIZENS IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY DURING AN AGE OF RAPID SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE THE KINDS AND DEGREES OF COMPETENCE ESSENTIAL TO INFORMED CITIZENSHIP AND FUTURE EMPLOYMENT. PROCEDURES FOLLOWED INCLUDED (1) THE INTERVIEWING OF A LIMITED NUMBER OF SCIENTISTS, INDUSTRIALISTS, SCIENCE EDUCATORS, AND LABOR...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship Responsibility, Colleges, Elementary Schools, Literacy, Literature...
A SERIES OF THREE CONFERENCES WAS HELD TO EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING A LONG-RANGE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR AN UNGRADED, K-12 SCHOOL, BASED ON RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE CONFERENCE ON SCHOOL MATHEMATICS. OVER 50 MATHEMATICIANS, MATHEMATICS EDUCATORS, AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, AND ACADEMIC GAMES DEVELOPMENT PARTICIPATED. PRINCIPAL AREAS OF CONCERN IN THE PROJECT WERE--(1) CURRICULUM...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ability Grouping, Conferences, Curriculum Research, Experimental Programs,...
BIOGRAPHICAL AND FICTIONAL MATERIALS ABOUT THE NEGRO WERE PREPARED FOR DISADVANTAGED NEGRO EIGHTH-GRADERS IN DEPRESSED AREA SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY TO STUDY THEIR EFFECTS AND OVERALL IMPACT. THE EXPERIMENT WAS FOCUSED ON TEACHING A SINGLE UNIT, THE CIVIL WAR. APPROXIMATELY 180 STUDENTS IN 12 CLASSES PARTICIPATED IN THE TEST PROGRAM FOR A TOTAL OF 6 DAYS. SUBJECTS WERE DIVIDED AMONG A TEXTBOOK GROUP, A PAMPHLET GROUP, AND A BIOGRAPHY GROUP. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA RELATED TO GROUP COMPARISONS ON A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Culture, Black History, Cultural Enrichment, Disadvantaged, Disadvantaged...
A NATIONAL SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PERTAINING TO POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF TEACHER SELECTION WAS SENT TO OVER 380 LARGE SCHOOL SYSTEMS ACROSS THE NATION. ONLY THOSE SYSTEMS HAVING AN ENROLLMENT OF AT LEAST 12,000 STUDENTS WERE INCLUDED. COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH RESPECT TO SCHOOL SYSTEM SIZE, TEACHER SELECTION RATE, TEACHER TURNOVER RATE, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO BY ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING RESPONSES OF 85 PERCENT OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEMS. LIMITATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY WERE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, National Surveys, Public Schools, Questionnaires, School...
IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT SIMULATION AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE WOULD PRODUCE RESULTS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THOSE OBTAINED IN CLASS GROUPINGS WHICH EMPLOYED ONLY LECTURE-DISCUSSION METHODS. FOUR HUNDRED AND FIVE 12TH-GRADE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT STUDENTS IN 2 HIGH SCHOOLS IN KANSAS WERE THE SUBJECTS. FIVE CLASSES, 225 STUDENTS, CONSTITUTED THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP WHICH EMPLOYED SIMULATION. THE OTHER 180 STUDENTS CONSTITUTED THE CONTROL GROUP AND HAD INSTRUCTION SIMILAR IN EVERY RESPECT TO...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Control Groups, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Experimental...
THE SOCIOCULTURAL INTERACTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FOREIGN STUDENTS AND AMERICAN STUDENTS ON THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS WERE STUDIED TO ASCERTAIN THEIR IMPACT ON THE NATIVE GROUP AND TO DETERMINE THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF FRIENDSHIP PATTERNS AND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BOTH GROUPS. ABOUT 550 AMERICAN STUDENTS WERE SELECTED FOR THE PROJECT SAMPLE. ALL WERE CLOSE FRIENDS OF FOREIGN STUDENTS ON CAMPUS. DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM A BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE, PERSONALITY AND PERSONAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Foreign Students, Friendship, Intergroup Relations, Interpersonal...
PERSISTENCE IN TEACHING, FOLLOWING COLLEGE GRADUATION IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION, WAS STUDIED TO DEFINE AND DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENT TEACHERS WHICH CAN BE USED TO PREDICT LONGEVITY IN THE TEACHING PROFESSION. THE PROJECT HAD A LONGITUDINAL APPROACH, USING OVER 450 FEMALE SUBJECTS WHO HAD GRADUATED 10 YEARS PREVIOUSLY FROM 4 NEW YORK CITY MUNICIPAL COLLEGES. ALL SUBJECTS HAD TAKEN PERSONALITY AND ATTITUDE TESTS WHILE STILL IN SCHOOL, AND HAD RESPONDED TO FOUR...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Persistence, Personality Studies, Predictive Measurement, Psychometrics, Student...
THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN IN AN URBAN AREA WITH PRESCHOOL EXPERIENCE ARE BETTER ADJUSTED IN THE PRIMARY GRADES THAN ARE SIMILAR CHILDREN WITHOUT SUCH EXPERIENCE. A SECONDARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN ADJUSTMENT BETWEEN THOSE HAVING NURSERY SCHOOL AS OPPOSED TO KINDERGARTEN EXPERIENCE. THE SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 42 FIRST-GRADE, 43 SECOND-GRADE, AND 32 THIRD-GRADE PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS LIVING IN A LOW...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Disadvantaged, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Kindergarten, Nursery...
THE PROJECT ATTEMPTED TO PROVIDE FURTHER DATA ON THE DOMINANT HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE SENSORY MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SKILL ACQUISITION IN TYPEWRITING. IN SO DOING, IT PROPOSED TO FURNISH A BASIS FOR IMPORTANT CORRECTIVES TO SUCH CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES AS TOUCH TYPING. SPECIFICALLY, THE HYPOTHESIS HAS BEEN THAT KINESTHESIS IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR USE AT THE START OF LEARNING SUCH A PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR SKILL AS TYPING, BUT THAT IS OCCURS AFTER SOME LEARNING ON THE BASIS OF VISUAL CUES HAS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Psychomotor Skills, Skill Development, Typewriting, Visual...
THE VOCATIONAL NEEDS OF THE HOMEMAKER-WAGE EARNER AND WHAT CONTRIBUTION THE HIGH SCHOOL HOME ECONOMICS CURRICULUM MAY MAKE TO VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FOR GAINFUL OCCUPATIONS IN WHICH THE YOUNG WOMEN WILL BE EMPLOYED AFTER HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION WERE THE GOALS OF THIS STUDY. THE DATA OF THE STUDY WERE OBTAINED FROM (1) QUESTIONNAIRES TO FORMER HOMEMAKING STUDENTS, (2) LETTERS TO EMPLOYERS OF THESE STUDENTS, (3) INFORMATION FROM SCHOOL RECORDS, (4) JOB DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES, AND (5) OPINIONS OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Enrichment, Curriculum Evaluation, High School Graduates, High School...
INDIVIDUAL TUTORIAL SESSIONS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 42 10TH-GRADE STUDENTS IN A LARGE INNER-CITY HIGH SCHOOL, WITH THE PURPOSE OF REVISING A UNIT OF GENERAL MATHEMATICS FROM A STANDARD TEXT. THE HYPOTHESIS TESTED WAS THAT MATERIAL SO REVISED WOULD YIELD MORE LEARNING FOR STUDENTS OF THIS POPULATION THAN MATERIALS REVISED UNDER STANDARD CURRICULUM WORKSHOP CONDITIONS. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (50 STUDENTS) STUDIED TUTORIALLY REVISED MATERIALS, AND THE CONTROL GROUP (50 STUDENTS) STUDIED...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Grade 10, Instructional Improvement, Instructional Materials, Mathematics...
A SYMPOSIUM WAS HELD TO DEVELOP A DOCTORAL CURRICULUM FOR VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION. THE FORMAT INVOLVED THE PREPARATION OF WORKING PAPERS, COUNTERPART REACTIONS, AND ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSIONS. ALL 48 PARTICIPANTS RECEIVED COPIES OF THE WORKING PAPERS PRIOR TO THE SYMPOSIUM. PARTICIPANTS WERE BROKEN UP INTO SMALL DISCUSSION GROUPS UPON COMPLETION OF EACH PRESENTATION OF A WORKING PAPER. THEY AGREED THAT A DOCTORAL PROGRAM FOR FUTURE VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL LEADERS IS NECESSARY. IT WAS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Doctoral Degrees, Educational Needs, Seminars, Teacher...
BACKGROUND PAPERS AT THE CONFERENCE INCLUDED--(1) "NEEDED COUNSELOR COMPETENCIES IN VOCATIONAL ASPECTS OF COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE," BY K. B. HOYT, (2) "SURVEY OF CURRENT TRAINING APPROACHES, FORMAT MATERIALS, AND CURRICULUM CONTENT IN VOCATION ASPECTS OF COUNSELOR EDUCATION," BY R. W. STROWIG AND P. A. PERRONE, (3) "RESEARCH IN VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VOCATIONAL ASPECTS OF COUNSELOR EDUCATION," BY H. BOROW, (4) "SOME PROPOSED NEW...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Counseling, Conferences, Counseling, Counseling Services, Counselor Training,...
THIS STUDY TESTED METHODS OF INCREASING TASK-ORIENTED BEHAVIOR OF INATTENTIVE SECOND-GRADE PUPILS TO HELP DEVELOP EFFECTIVE WORK HABITS AND ATTITUDES AT AN EARLY AGE. THE ASSUMPTION WAS MADE THAT THE INATTENTIVE BEHAVIOR OF PUPILS WAS MAINTAINED, IN PART, BY THE REINFORCEMENT UNINTENTIONALLY PROVIDED BY FREQUENT TEACHER REMINDERS FOR THE CHILD TO GET BACK TO WORK. IN ADDITION, THE TEACHER MIGHT NOT BE GIVING SUFFICIENT RECOGNITION AT TIMES WHEN THE PUPIL WAS ATTENDING TO HIS WORK. THE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attention Control, Grade 2, Positive Reinforcement, Student Behavior, Student...
THE PRIMARY AIM WAS TO DEVELOP INSTRUMENTS FOR IDENTIFYING HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS. THESE INSTRUMENTS WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE THE FATE OF RECENT GRADUATES AND DROPOUTS OF CLASSES 1963, 1964, AND 1965 IN ALEXANDER COUNTY, ILLINOIS, AND TO ESTABLISH FURTHER CORRELATES IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL DROPOUTS. BOTH THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE INSTRUMENTS DEVELOPED SHOWED HIGH DEGREES OF CORRELATION--0.826 AND 0.840 RESPECTIVELY. SOME CONCLUSIONS WERE--(1) THE INSTRUMENTS MAY BE OF VALUE IN IDENTIFYING...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Dropout Characteristics, Dropout Prevention, Dropout Research,...
EDUCATIONAL GUIDELINES AND TECHNIQUES WERE DEVELOPED AND NEEDS ESTABLISHED FOR PLANNING GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS IN THE FIELD OF HOME ECONOMICS, PARTICULARLY IN THE AREAS OF CHILD CARE AND CLOTHING SERVICES. TWO SEPARATE SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED. THE FIRST INVOLVED CONTACTS WITH POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS WHO HAD KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEED FOR AND COMPETENCIES EXPECTED FROM CHILD CARE AND CLOTHING SERVICE WORKERS. THE AVAILABILITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POTENTIAL WORKERS WERE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Care, Clothing Instruction, Curriculum Development, Educational Needs, Home...
TO ESTABLISH A COLLEGE IN 100 DAYS PRESENTED AN OPPORTUNITY TO TEST THE VALUE OF PROGRAMED ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES USING PROGRAM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) UNDER ACTUAL OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS, NOT IN A SIMULATED THEORETICAL SITUATION. THROUGH THE AID OF THE PERT PLANNING SYSTEM, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NINE MAJOR LINES OF ACTIVITIES AND ABOUT 300 EVENTS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED TO OPEN THE COLLEGE. THE ADMINISTRATION USED A TEAM APPROACH WHEREBY THE THREE MAIN...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Planning, Critical Path Method, Curriculum Development, Evaluation Methods,...
THE PRESENT STUDY IS THE FIRST PART OF A TWO-PART INTERVIEW STUDY OF NONPERSISTENT TEACHERS. ITS MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO PREPARE FOR DATA COLLECTION IN THE SECOND PART. THE MAJOR ASPECTS OF THIS PRESENT STUDY WERE--(1) THE CLASSIFICATION INTO SUBGROUPS OF A POPULATION OF NONPERSISTING TEACHERS PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED, (2) THE DEVELOPMENT AND REFINEMENT OF AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE AND A METHOD OF ANALYSIS APPROPRIATE TO IT, AND (3) TRYOUT OF THE REVISED SCHEDULE ON A SUFFICIENT SCALE TO JUDGE ITS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Former Teachers, Persistence, Questionnaires, Teacher Shortage,...
RACIAL STRIFE, POPULATION MOBILITY, CHRONIC UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN DECAY, AND OTHER CURRENT ISSUES WHICH AFFECT THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES OF LARGE CITIES WERE DELINEATED IN A SEMINAR TO PROVIDE WORKABLE PROPOSALS, GREATER COMMUNICATION, AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS WHO MUST DEAL WITH THESE PROBLEMS IN THEIR DAY-BY-DAY OPERATIONS. AMONG THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE SEMINAR WERE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, REPRESENTATIVES FROM INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND MEMBERS FROM OTHER...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College School Cooperation, Current Events, Educational Change,...
THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO INCREASE THE DEGREE OF ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN THE LEARNING OF CONTENT AND METHODS IN THE AREAS OF PERCEPTION AND JUDGMENT. TWO TYPES OF MATERIAL WERE DEVELOPED--(1) READING NOTES AND WRITTEN LECTURES, AND (2) DEMONSTRATIONAL APPARATUS. ELEVEN STUDENTS TOOK THE COURSE DURING A 2-YEAR PERIOD. THEIR HELP IN EVALUATING THE NEW CLASS FORMAT WAS SOLICITED AT SEVERAL POINTS DURING THE SEMESTER AND AT THE END. WITHOUT EXCEPTION, THE STUDENTS SAID THEY PREFERRED THE NEW ARRANGEMENT...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demonstration Programs, Demonstrations (Educational), Developmental Programs,...
THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A STUDY TO DETERMINE WHETHER PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION COULD BE USED TO IMPROVE THE TEACHING OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GYNECOLOGIC NEOPLASMS TO JUNIOR MEDICAL STUDENTS. TWO PROGRAMED TEXTS WERE PREPARED--(1) A "CONTENT" TEXT, AN 830-FRAME LINEARLY PROGRAMED TEXT DESIGNED TO REPLACE CONVENTIONAL CLASSROOM TEACHING OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY, AND (2) AN "APPLICATION" TEXT, A 713-FRAME BRANCHING TEXT CONSISTING OF 35 CASE PRESENTATIONS OF PATIENTS WITH...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Control Groups, Conventional Instruction, Experimental Programs,...
TWO STUDIES CONCERNED WITH THE REPRESENTATIONAL ROLE OF DEMONSTRATIONS IN TEACHING CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE ARE REPORTED. THE TWO STUDIES WERE PERFORMED WITH DIMENSIONS OF VISUAL TV PRESENTATIONS VARIED IN THE CONTEXT OF PROGRAMED LESSONS. STUDY ONE COMPARES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REALISTIC (LIVE) WITH NONREALISTIC (ANIMATED) DEMONSTRATIONS UNDER INTUITIVE AND NONINTUITIVE CONDITIONS. TIME-TO-COMPLETE SELF-PLACED VERBAL PROGRAMS, ERRORS ON PROGRAMS AND ACHIEVEMENT TESTS, AND INTEREST...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Concept Teaching, Demonstration Programs, Educational Television, Instructional...
SYSTEMATICALLY OBSERVED, RECORDED, AND CODED INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIORS OF CHILDREN, AGES 3 TO 11, WERE EXAMINED FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CROSS-CULTURALLY CONSISTENT RELATIONS BETWEEN THEIR BEHAVIORS. THE STUDY SAMPLE CONSISTED OF OVER 130 CHILDREN FROM DIVERSE CULTURES, AND WAS SELECTED FROM COMMUNITIES IN NEW ENGLAND, MEXICO, AFRICA, INDIA, OKINAWA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. TWELVE CATEGORIES OF ACTION, COLLECTED FROM BEHAVIORS OF THE CHILDREN AS THEY WERE OBSERVED IN NATURAL SETTINGS, WERE THE PRIMARY...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior, Childhood Attitudes, Cultural Differences, Culture, Interpersonal...
THIS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVE THINKING IN RETARDED AND NONRETARDED CHILDREN USED DATA FROM A SAMPLE OF 78 PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS--(1) MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN IN SPECIAL CLASSES, (2) RETARDED CHILDREN IN REGULAR CLASSES, AND (3) NONRETARDED CHILDREN IN REGULAR CLASSES. THE GROUPS WERE SELECTED SO THAT THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WITHIN THE GROUP BETWEEN THEIR MENTAL AGES AS MEASURED BY THE CALIFORNIA TEST OF MENTAL MATURITY. FIRST A BATTERY OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiotape Recordings, Classroom Research, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes,...
THIS REPORT IS A STUDY OF THE PROCESSES BY WHICH MONEY IS ALLOCATED TO THE SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN LARGE CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. IMPLICIT IN THE RATIONALE ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS THAT RESOURCES AVAILABLE FOR THE SUPPORT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION ARE RARELY SUFFICIENT TO SATISFY ALL THE DEMANDS MADE UPON THEM, AND THAT DETERMINATIONS ABOUT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC SCHOOL FINANCIAL SUPPORT ARE ALMOST ALWAYS MADE IN COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS. THE RATIONALE POSTULATES THREE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Board of Education Role, Budgeting, Decision Making Skills, Educational Finance,...
THIS CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO ADJUST ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS TO INCLUDE INFORMATION AND CONCEPTS ABOUT RACIAL-CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AMERICA, INCLUDING THE LIFE ON THE AMERICAN NEGRO. ITS PRINCIPAL EMPHASIS WAS ON LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THIS AREA OF HUMAN RELATIONS. SPECIALISTS FROM BOTH THE SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATIONAL FIELDS WERE CALLED INTO THE STUDY TO REVIEW PATTERNS OF INSTRUCTION AND PROMISING CURRICULUM DESIGNS IN...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Culture, Behavior, Black Influences, Cultural Differences, Curriculum...
THIS RESEARCH STUDY EVALUATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE METHODS OF FIRST-GRADE READING INSTRUCTION EMPLOYING SIMILAR BASAL READER STORY CONTENT. THE THREE METHODS WERE--(A) THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES OUTLINED IN THE TEACHERS MANUAL ACCOMPANYING THE GINN BASIC READING SERIES, (B) A LEVELS-DESIGNED PROGRAM STRESSING EARLY INTENSIVE LETTER READINESS ACTIVITIES FOLLOWED BY EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES FOR TEACHING WORD RECOGNITION, PHASE READING, ORAL AND SILENT READING SKILLS, AND (C) READING...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Grade 1, Reading Ability, Reading Achievement, Reading...
THIS STUDY EVALUATED THE EFFECTS OF A BASAL READER PROGRAM, A MODIFIED LINGUISTIC APPROACH, AND A LINGUISTIC READER PROGRAM AS MEASURED BY THE READING ACHIEVEMENT OF 469 CHILDREN IN 21 CLASSES AT THE END OF FIRST GRADE. ACHIEVEMENT COMPARIONS WERE ALSO MADE ON THE BASES OF (1) SEX, (2) INTELLIGENCE, AND (3) RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN READING READINESS TEST SCORES AT THE BEGINNING OF GRADE ONE AND SUBSEQUENT ACHIEVEMENT AT THE END OF THE SCHOOL YEAR. ANALYSIS OF THE PRE- AND POST-TEST SCORES AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basal Reading, Basic Reading, Beginning Reading, Comparative Analysis, Grade 1,...
THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXPERIENCE APPROACH TO THE TEACHING OF THE LANGUAGE ARTS AS COMPARED WITH THE TRADITIONAL METHOD. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS, FOUR AREAS OF LANGUAGE ARTS WERE SEPARATELY MEASURED--READING, WRITING, LISTENING, AND SPEAKING. IN ADDITION, AN INDEX OF DEVELOPMENT IN READING INTEREST WAS TAKEN AND PUPIL ATTITUDE TOWARD READING DETERMINED. THE EXPERIENCE APPROACH USED THE LANGUAGE AND THINKING OF INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN AS THE BASIS FOR...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Experience, Grade 1, Inservice Teacher Education, Listening Habits,...
THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER A LINGUISTICALLY ORIENTED PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LESSONS DESIGNED FOR KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN WITH SPANISH-SPEAKING BACKGROUNDS COULD SIGNIFICANTLY ACCELERATE PUPIL CONTROL OF ENGLISH. THE STUDY OBJECTIVES INCLUDED--(1) IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADEQUATE TESTS MEASURING SUBJECT'S COMMAND OF ENGLISH SOUNDS, GRAMMAR, AND VOCABULARY,(2) DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS TO PROVIDE INTENSIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DRILL, AND (3) PROVISION OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, English Instruction, Kindergarten Children, Linguistics, Mexican Americans, Oral...
A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WAS DESIGNED TO STUDY THE VALUE OF TEACHING CHILDREN SUCH A COMPLEX PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY AS TO USE KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS AFTER A PERFORMANCE TRIAL TO REJECT MORE THAN ONE HYPOTHESIS AT A TIME (MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS STRATEGY). APPROXIMATELY 150 THIRD-GRADE CHILDREN WERE DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS--THOSE TAUGHT THE MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS STRATEGY, THOSE TAUGHT TO SELECT A HYPOTHESIS AND STICK WITH IT UNTIL PROVEN WRONG (SINGLE HYPOTHESIS STRATEGY), AND THOSE GIVEN NO STRATEGY...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ability, Child Development, Cognitive Processes, Creative Thinking, Educational...
THE PRIMARY INVESTIGATION CONCERNED THE EFFECT OF TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS, STYLE, AND INTERPRETATION OF READING METHOD ON PUPIL READING ACHIEVEMENT SCORES BOTH IN JANUARY AND JUNE IN THE FIRST-GRADE YEAR. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE DESIGN WAS USED. FOURTEEN TEACHERS COMPLETED A QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGNED TO DISTINGUISH TWO BASIC KINDS OF BEGINNING READING INSTRUCTION EMPHASIS--(1) "DECODING" (ORAL READING AND SOUND-SYMBOL) OR (2) "MEANING" (SILENT READING AND INTERPRETATION). EQUAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Background, Beginning Reading, Classroom Techniques, Grade 1, Reading Achievement,...
THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SKILLS-CENTERED APPROACH AND THE LANGUAGE-EXPERIENCE APPROACH TO TEACHING READING TO DISADVANTAGED URBAN CHILDREN IN THE FIRST GRADE WAS EXAMINED, AND METHODS COMPARED. APPROXIMATELY 50 TEACHERS AND 1,150 STUDENTS MADE UP THE PROJECT SAMPLE. TYPES OF DATA GATHERED INCLUDED PRETEST AND POST-TEST SCORES OF THE PUPILS AND INSTRUCTIONAL TIME LOGS, CLASSROOM OBSERVATIONS, AND PREFERRED READING APPROACHES FROM THEIR TEACHERS. PROJECT RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiovisual Aids, Beginning Reading, Comparative Analysis, Disadvantaged Youth, Grade...
THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIPS OF EDUCATIONAL, ECONOMIC, AND BIOGRAPHICAL VARIABLES TO FARM SUCCESS. UNDERSTANDING THESE RELATIONSHIPS WAS PREREQUISITE TO DEVISING A MEANS OF PREDICTING SUCCESS FOR A YOUNG MAN CONTEMPLATING PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE AS AN OCCUPATION. SPECIAL ATTENTION WAS FOCUSED ON THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT IN THAT PREDICTION. IN ADDITION, A DETERMINATION WAS MADE OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF FARM FINANCIAL SUCCESS TO THE ACHIEVEMENT AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Trends, Agriculture, Economic Climate, Economic Factors, Educational...
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEQUENCES FOR ORGANIZING MATHEMATICS CONTENT IN ELEMENTARY GRADES FOUR, FIVE, AND SIX WERE IDENTIFIED USING AN EMPIRICAL BASE. VERTICAL SEQUENCES FOR THIS PROJECT PERTAINED TO SUBTOPICS WITHIN SEVERAL MATHEMATICS TOPICS USING THE LEVEL OF SUBTOPIC COMPLEXITY FOR THE CRITERION. THE DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADJACENT TOPICS WAS THE CRITERION FOR HORIZONTAL SEQUENCES WITH BOTH THE ORTHOGONAL AND NON ORTHOGONAL APPROACHES. A TEST DESIGNED TO ASSESS ACHIEVEMENT OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Organization, Elementary Education, Horizontal Organization, Mathematics...
THE PROJECT PURPOSES WERE TO IDENTIFY THE ELEMENTS IN MUSIC USED BY EXPERT LISTENERS IN DETERMINING THE ARTISTIC VALUE OF MUSIC, TO DISCOVER WHAT MUSICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGES ARE NECESSARY FOR THE LISTENER TO RECOGNIZE THESE ELEMENTS, AND TO USE THESE FINDINGS IN A COMPARISON WITH A SPECIFIC AESTHETIC THEORY. ATTEMPTS WERE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE VALUE ELEMENTS ARE TEACHABLE, IF SO, THE AGE LEVELS AT WHICH THEY ARE TEACHABLE, THE CREATION OF MEASUREMENTS TO EVALUATE RECOGNITION OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Grade 5, Listening, Listening Skills, Music Education, Music Techniques, Surveys,...
A 3-DAY CONFERENCE WAS HELD AT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY TO DEFINE GOALS, IDENTIFY OBSTACLES, AND SUGGEST MEANS THROUGH WHICH SUPERIOR EDUCATION COULD BE MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL AMERICANS REGARDLESS OF TALENT OR POSITION IN THE STRATIFICATION SYSTEM. SEVEN SESSIONS EMPHASIZED A WIDE RANGE OF FACTORS IN THE SCHOOL AND SOCIETY THAT INFLUENCE QUALITY AND EQUALITY IN EDUCATION. THE TOPICS OF THE CONFERENCE SESSIONS AS LISTED ON THE AGENDA WERE--(1) "POLARITIES AND TENSIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Compensatory Education, Conferences, Educational Planning, Educational Quality,...
THIS INVESTIGATION WAS CONDUCTED TO DESCRIBE THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE OF DEAF STUDENTS BETWEEN 10 AND 18 YEARS OF AGE IN TERMS OF SIX MEASURABLE VARIABLES, AND TO RELATE THESE VARIABLES TO TEACHER JUDGMENTS OF QUALITY OF LANGUAGE. TEN STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLES OF COMPOSITIONS BY DEAF STUDENTS WERE SELECTED FROM 14 RESIDENTIAL AND DAY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR THE DEAF. COMPOSITIONS WERE WRITTEN UNDER STANDARDIZED CONDITIONS, IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENTATION OF A FOUR-PICTURE SEQUENCE. THREE MASTER...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Deafness, Handicapped Children, Language Teachers, Remedial...
THE BROAD PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO SYSTEMATIZE INFORMATION ABOUT INDEPENDENT STUDY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY DEVELOPMENT OF A DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THESE PRACTICES IN THE SCHOOLS STUDIED. THIS INFORMATION WAS COMPILED BY THE USE OF QUESTIONNAIRES AND VISITS TO EACH OF 317 SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY RESEARCH TEAMS. ONE OF THE FIRST CONCLUSIONS REACHED WAS THAT INDEPENDENT STUDY IS PROBABLY MORE COMMON IN EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS AND LITERATURE THAN IN PRACTICE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FLORIDA....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academically Gifted, Independent Study, Observation, Questionnaires, Secondary...
THE BROAD PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO TEST EMPIRICALLY THE STRUCTURE OF THE HANDBOOK "TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES 1--COGNITIVE DOMAIN." IT WAS NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT FOUR FORMS OF A TAXONOMY-TYPE TEST SINCE NONE WAS AVAILABLE. THE PHENOMENA WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE "TAXONOMY" ARE THE RESPONSES (BEHAVIORS) WHICH TEST ITEMS (IN THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN AS CONTRASTED WITH THE AFFECTIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAINS) ARE INTENDED TO EVOKE. AS AN AID TO THE READER, THE REPORT...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classification, Cognitive Development, Evaluation, Responses, Test Validity, Testing,...
A PRELIMINARY, SYSTEMATIC PICTURE (CENSUS) WAS DEVELOPED OF THE STATUS OF SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN EIGHT NORTHERN CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE 1954 "BROWN" DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT. THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT WAS TO CORRECT THE DISTORTED VIEWS OF SCHOOL INTEGRATION STATUS, RESULTING PRIMARILY FROM NEWS MEDIA REPORTS OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS. PRINCIPAL STUDY DATA WERE GATHERED THROUGH INTERVIEW RESPONSES AND THE PERSONAL FILES OF APPROXIMATELY 200 PERSONS,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Census Figures, Civil Rights, Comparative Analysis, Northern Schools,...
THE ISSUE OF SCHOOL DESEGREGATION WAS STUDIED AS IT OCCURED IN SEVEN SOUTHERN CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES, RESULTING FROM THE 1954 "BROWN" DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT. THESE CITIES WERE COLUMBUS, JACKSONVILLE, NEW ORLEANS, MONTGOMERY, ATLANTA, MIAMI, AND BATON ROUGE. CASE STUDY DATA WERE GATHERED THROUGH INTERVIEW RESPONSES AND PERSONAL FILES OF MANY INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS, SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, PUBLIC OFFICIALS, AND CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS. PRIMARY EMPHASIS WAS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Board of Education Role, Case Studies, Census Figures, City Government, City...
THE SEARCH FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASURES IN SENTENCE STRUCTURES THAT ARE SIGNIFICANT INDICATORS OF CHRONOLOGICAL AND MENTAL MATURITY IN SCHOOL CHILDREN WAS THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY. COMPARISONS WERE MADE OF COMPOSITIONS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS OF SUPERIOR IQ AT THE SAME GRADE LEVELS. THIS PART OF THE PROJECT HAD TWO OBJECTIVES--(1) TO SEE WHETHER SUPERIOR STUDENTS NEAR THE BEGINNING OF THEIR WRITING CAREERS ARE ALREADY MEASURABLY AHEAD OF THE AVERAGE STUDENTS IN SYNTACTIC MATURITY, AND IF SO IN WHAT...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academically Gifted, Adult Programs, Age Differences, Child Development, Cognitive...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE METHODS WERE COMPARED FOR DEVELOPING READING READINESS IN SPANISH-SPEAKING FIRST GRADE CHILDREN. THE METHODS USED WERE (1) ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION WITH AUDIOLINGUAL TECHNIQUES, (2) SPANISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION WITH AUDIOLINGUAL TECHNIQUES, AND (3) LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION USING THE SAME MATERIALS AS METHODS ONE AND TWO, BUT WITHOUT AUDIOLINGUAL TECHNIQUES. SAMPLE FIRST GRADE CLASSROOMS WERE ARBITRARILY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF THE THREE TREATMENTS (A TOTAL OF 28 WAS USED)....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiolingual Methods, Beginning Reading, Disadvantaged Youth, English, Grade 1,...
THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE TWO APPROACHES FOR TRAINING STUDENTS WITH A PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED FOREIGN LANGUAGE ABILITY. THE TWO APPROACHES STUDIED WERE MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL. THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE MONOLINGUAL APPROACH SUGGESTS THAT IT IS MORE EFFICIENT TO TEACH IN THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE. THE BILINGUAL HYPOTHESIS SUGGESTS IT IS MORE EFFICIENT TO TEACH STUDENTS USING A PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED LANGUAGE. THESE HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED ON AN INDIAN POPULATION IN THE CHIAPAS MOUNTAINS OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Instruction, Language Instruction, Maya (People), Reading...
AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF 2-WORD ASSOCIATIONS IN LEARNING TO READ THE SECOND WORD OF A 2-WORD CHAIN. ABOUT 45 FIRST AND SECOND GRADE STUDENTS WERE CHOSEN AS SUBJECTS AFTER PRETESTING TO INSURE THEY WERE ABLE TO READ THE FIRST (STIMULUS) WORD BUT NOT THE SECOND (RESPONSE) WORD OF EACH WORD PAIR USED IN THE STUDY. EIGHT STIMULUS AND EIGHT RESPONSE WORDS WERE USED. EACH TRAINEE FIRST RECEIVED INSTRUCTION IN WORD ASSOCIATION BY RESPONDING ORALLY WITH THE RESPONSE WORD...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Associative Learning, Learning Experience, Primary Education, Reading Achievement,...
THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO APPROACHES FOR TEACHING READING TO FIRST-GRADE CHILDREN AT HIGH, AVERAGE, AND LOW ABILITY SCORE LEVELS WAS INVESTIGATED, AND THE VARIABLES THAT DIFFERENTIATED BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW ACHIEVERS UNDER BOTH APPROACHES WERE COMPARED. THE TWO APPROACHES WERE--(1) THE FRIES LINGUISTIC METHOD, AND (2) THE SCOTT, FORESMAN BASAL READER METHOD. TWELVE CLASSES IN EACH TREATMENT, 4 WITHIN EACH TREATMENT AT EACH OF THE 3 ABILITY SCORE LEVELS WERE INVOLVED IN THE STUDY (A TOTAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ability Grouping, Basic Reading, Child Development, Grade 1, Linguistics, Reading...