First Nations people have both a Constitutional and a Treaty right to education; however, the Crown's jurisdictional obligations to provide educational services have not lead to similar educational opportunities and attainment achievement for First Nations students as compared to Canadian students in provincial schools. Canada's Auditor General, in 2000, stated that Indian and Northern Affairs Canada could not demonstrate that it reached the objective to assist First Nations students on reserve...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, American Indians, Educational Needs, Educational Attainment,...
This study examined the risk for alcoholism, diabetes, and depression (triADD) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the U.S. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a series of descriptive statistics and regression models were used to examine the interrelationships among these disorders in AI/AN populations. Despite a small sample size, results indicate that AI/ANs are at elevated risk for the individual and combined presence of triADD (OR = 12.5) when compared...
Topics: ERIC Archive, At Risk Persons, Alcoholism, Diabetes, Depression (Psychology), Alcohol Abuse, Alaska...
This essay outlines several ways in which educators might better prepare young people of all backgrounds to understand, enter, and eventually act upon the changing economic landscape. The contributors to this article, which presents perspectives on social class and education in the United States, suggest that one might learn some lessons from the examples of those who have already made the journey. The work collected in this article also suggests intriguing new directions for educating poor and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Working Class, Social Differences, Social Class, Access to Education, Education Work...
This paper examines the extent to which an intervention program on the use of practical work affected the following two variables: instructional techniques and mathematical ability. An attempt was made to correlate these two variables with age, educational attainment, and teaching experience to determine if there exists a relationship with and without the effect of the intervention. Differences and relationships between these two variables before and after the intervention were significant....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teaching Experience, Teaching Methods, Intervention, Elementary School Mathematics,...
American Indians residing on-reservation were interviewed regarding their substance use and treatment utilization. One-third had a current substance abuse problem. Predictors included gender, tribe, age, employment status, household income, and educational attainment. Almost two-thirds of those with substance abuse problems had received no treatment within the past year. A combination of formal and informal treatment was the most common approach. Treatment utilization was predicted by gender,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Income, Employment Level, Health Insurance, American Indians, Educational Attainment,...
In this paper, the author describes his own understanding of the process on how he moved from being a working-class boy who experienced school as a digression from his real interest--sports--to someone who had made education his life work. In particular, he describes his own changing gender, race, and class identity within the context of an evolving political understanding. Further, he notes the difficulties he encountered from elementary school through college because he lacked, as a working...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Middle Class, Working Class, Educational Experience, Educational Attainment, Personal...
Structural equation modeling (SEM) refers to a family of statistical techniques that explores the relationships among a set of variables. Structural equation modeling provides an extremely versatile method to model very specific hypotheses involving systems of variables, both measured and unmeasured. Researchers can use SEM to study patterns of interrelationships among variables, compare different groups to each other, study change over time, and do many other types of sophisticated analyses....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Gifted, Structural Equation Models, Factor Analysis, Enrichment, Statistical...
The education of farmers would be result oriented if among other things the learning enhancement situations are created. Farmers' receptivity to training largely depends on the use of several educational methods by extension agents to reach farmers in Mezam division of Northwest province of Cameroon. Data were collected from May to August 2000 using Kerlinger's n [greater than or equal] 30 sampling technique in the division since no definite sampling frame could be obtained. The result...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Rural Extension, Adult Learning, Foreign Countries, Sampling, Teaching Methods,...
Reducing disparities in education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians is one of the main ways in which the relative disadvantage Indigenous Australians face will be overcome. Relative and absolute participation rates in all forms of education have improved, however they are still unacceptably low. Those Indigenous Australians who do undertake post-school education do so for the most part at a later age than the non-Indigenous population. This paper gives a descriptive...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries, Outcomes of Education, Age Differences,...
Rebecca Blank explores a weakness of the welfare reforms of the mid-1990s--the failure of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program to address the plight of so-called "hard to employ" single mothers and their children. TANF has moved many women on the welfare caseload into work, but the services it provides are not intensive or flexible enough to meet the needs of women with multiple disadvantages who find it difficult to get and keep full-time employment. Blank notes that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment, Substance Abuse, Family Violence, Mothers, Learning Disabilities, Welfare...
Gordon Berlin discusses the nation's long struggle to reduce poverty in families with children, and proposes a counterintuitive solution--rewarding the work of individuals. He notes that policymakers' difficulty in reducing family poverty since 1973 is attributable to two intertwined problems--falling wages among low-skilled workers and the striking increase in children living with a lone parent, usually the mother. As the wages of men with a high school education or less began to decline,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Wages, Poverty, Taxes, Tax Credits, Family (Sociological Unit), Economically...
This article considers whether the disparate socioeconomic circumstances of families in which white, black, and Hispanic children grow up account for the racial and ethnic gaps in school readiness among American preschoolers. It first reviews why family socioeconomic resources might matter for children's school readiness. The authors concentrate on four key components of parent socioeconomic status that are particularly relevant for children's well-being--income, education, family structure,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Neighborhoods, School Readiness, Socioeconomic Status, Family Income, Family...
Whether adolescents from immigrant and ethnic minority families will make a successful transition to adulthood hinges on their educational achievement, their acquisition of employable skills and abilities, and their physical and mental health. This article focuses on the extent to which diverse adolescents are prepared for adulthood according to these three critical developmental outcomes. It finds that, in general, adolescents from Latino and African American backgrounds appear to be less...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Health, Health Insurance, Adolescents, Immigrants, Financial Support,...
Several major demographic shifts over the past half-century have transformed who we are and how we live in this country in many ways. Most striking, however, is the fact that children today are much more likely to be members of ethnic or racial minority groups. Racial/ethnic minorities are destined, in aggregate, to become the numerical majority within the next few decades. This article presents a wide range of statistics reflecting cultural, family, social, economic, and housing circumstances...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Racial Differences, Socioeconomic Influences, Ethnicity, Poverty, Educational...
A growing number of children over age 10 reside in and emancipate from foster care every year. Older children face many of the same challenges as younger children, but they also have unique developmental needs. This article discusses older children in the child welfare system and finds: (1) Approximately 47% of children in foster care are over age 11, and in 2001, 20% of children leaving foster care were over age 16; (2) Older children need permanency, stability, and a "forever...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Daily Living Skills, Substance Abuse, Homeless People, Educational Attainment, Child...
This study sought variables associated with current smoking for young adult males and females in college compared with those not in college. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by a cohort of 1,270 young adults (ages 20-24) who have been followed from grade 6 for 10 years. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses of demographic characteristics, family and friends smoking and other drug use, psychosocial factors and attitude, and lifestyle factors were conducted. In the bivariate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Smoking, Drug Use, Young Adults, Depression (Psychology), College Students,...
A group (n = 170) of inner-city, predominantly African American, health clinic patients were asked to identify the characteristics they desired in a new clinic health educator. A plurality (44%) of the patients perceived a bachelor's degree would be a sufficient level of education. The vast majority of patients claimed the sex of the health educator (84%) and the race of the educator (82%) did not matter. Additionally, a majority of patients perceived that the age of the educator (53%) and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Role Models, Patients, Clinics, Urban Areas, Health Education, Teacher...
This study examined the prevalence of selected clinical preventive health services, health status indicators, health risk behaviors, and health-promoting behaviors among adults aged 18 to 24 years in the general U.S. population. The study analyzed data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Nearly 30% of young adults lacked health care coverage. When 21- to 24-year-olds were compared with 18- to 20-year-olds, a 32% increase was noted in current cigarette smoking, a 37%...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Services, Obesity, Physical Activities, Health Promotion, Smoking, Health...
Background: Melanoma is a serious skin cancer that has been on the rise in the United States. Some genetic component is apparent. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, attitudinal, and health belief factors associated with intention to obtain genetic testing for hereditary melanoma among unaffected first-degree relatives of melanoma patients at low to moderate risk for hereditary melanoma. Methods: Using contact information provided by index cases diagnosed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age Differences, Demography, Attitude Measures, Health Education, Testing, Cancer,...
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among U.S. health care consumers, but no study has examined how much health educators know about CAM. Purpose: To examine the knowledge of basic CAM concepts and common CAM therapies among health educators in the U.S. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 1,299 health educators with valid e-mails on a professional listserv. The response rate was 39%. The 16-item CAM knowledge scale yielded a Cronbach's alpha of .71....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Medical Education, Health Education, Health Conditions, Continuing Education,...
Background: Mexican American women have the highest leisure-time physical inactivity prevalence of any ethnic minority group. Purpose: This study examined a sample of Mexican American females living near the U.S.-Mexico border to determine whether the variables of age, health status, educational level, marital status, and acculturation distinguished between those who are physically active and those who are physically inactive. Methods: Participants included 379 women ranging in age from 22 to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Marital Status, Health Education, Physical Activities, Females, Mexican Americans,...
Public, religious and private schools have been coexisting in continental Europe since the 19th century. Scientific interest in differences between the educational outcomes of public and religious schools has grown recently, as a result of international debates on parental choice and school autonomy especially in the USA. Clear differences have been found between the educational outcomes of public and religious schools in the Netherlands. In this paper we analyze whether comparable differences...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Differences, Educational Attainment, Employment Level, Religion, Public Schools,...
Although educational attainment and physical activity levels tend to be positively associated in majority populations, this relationship has not been investigated in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) elders. This study examined the association between education and physical activity among AI/AN elders (N = 107) using self-report and behavioral outcomes. Regression models showed that higher education was significantly associated with total caloric expenditure for moderate-intensity...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Activities, Older Adults, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Program...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking habits of Greek elementary school students, their attitudes towards smoking, and their perceptions of the health consequences of tobacco use. Data were obtained from 1,092 elementary school students who completed a 24-item questionnaire designed for this study. Results indicated more older students smoked than younger ones and boys significantly outnumbering girls. Most of the students believed that people smoke for pleasure and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary School Students, Student Attitudes, Smoking, Negative Attitudes, Health...
New England and the nation as a whole is facing intensifying global competition and rapidly growing demands for a skilled workforce. In addition, significant increases in spending by students and taxpayers have not moved the needle: the percentage of adults with a college degree has changed little over the past decade. New England must act now to boost productivity because key trends suggest that only little time has been left. This article presents the four converging trends that spell serious...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Educational Attainment, Global Approach, Labor Force, Educational...
In his recent speech at a Harvard commencement ceremony, Bill Gates said that "reducing inequity is the highest human achievement." He recognizes that the problems of global health in this world, the challenges of alleviating poverty and despair, and the wide disparities in educational attainment require significant investment by those with the capacity to change lives--the philanthropic sector, government, and private industry. Gates made clear that, despite his own unique...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Educational Attainment, Equal Education, Educational Opportunities,...
The objective of this study was to examine (1) the association between consumption of fast food and sweets on overweight among U.S. adolescents; and (2) how consumption of different types of food and physical exercise is associated with parental education and other background variables. The data were based on cross-sectional, national survey study of 15,686 students from grades 6 to 10 (age 10 to 15) in the U.S. Results indicated that after adjusting for covariates, participants with high fast...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Obesity, Exercise, Food, Adolescents, Eating Habits, Grade 6, Nutrition, Correlation,...
This cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationships between smoking behavior and leisure physical activity habits of adolescents (n=170, 85F & 85M, mean age= 15.42 [plus or minus] 0.58, age range=15-17 years) attending vocational health schools in Turkey. Participants were randomly selected from four provinces of the country and classified into two groups according to their participation in leisure physical activity. The logistic regression analysis of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Activities, Smoking, Adolescents, Foreign Countries, Case Studies,...
This study identified the extent to which family factors increase school enrollment in Bolivia, after adjusting for human and financial capital. The sample was drawn from the 1998 Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of human capital, financial capital and family factors on school enrollment. Results of the study indicated that mother's education, the socioeconomic status of the family and the mother's knowledge of health issues all...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Human Capital, Socioeconomic Status, Health Education, Mothers, Foreign Countries,...
Purpose: Guidelines developed to minimise the risk of harm associated with alcohol consumption in Australia focus on promoting population health by changing cultural attitudes. This research study was conducted to uncover attitudes toward maternal drinking and awareness of alcohol-related birth defects within the semi-rural Northern Rivers area of New South Wales (NSW) Australia, December 2003 to April 2004. A pilot survey was conducted using a sample of convenience to gain initial insights...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alcohol Education, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Drinking, Pregnancy, Foreign Countries,...
A college degree has become the ticket to the middle class. Yet, at the same time, the cost of achieving this milestone has increased considerably. For many students and families, the only way to meet the substantial cost of higher education is to take out loans. While some amount of debt may be acceptable--after all, it is important for students to be responsible for at least part of the cost of their educations--there is growing concern about the burden of college loans. There is little...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Middle Class, Debt (Financial), College Graduates, Paying for College, Costs,...
The New England states face several challenges that test their ability to compete. These include ongoing economic globalization and technological change, the continued decline of traditional industries and slow labor force growth. Further, the region is aging and will experience low overall population growth, with increases occurring primarily among minority and immigrant populations whose postsecondary participation has been historically low. Adding to that mix a projected decline in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Attainment, College Attendance, High...
With the mandate of "No Child Left Behind," high-stakes achievement testing is firmly in place in every state. The few studies that have explored the effectiveness of high-stakes testing using NAEP scores have yielded mixed results. This study considered state demographic characteristics for each NAEP testing period in reading, writing, mathematics, and science from 1992 through 2002, in an effort to examine the relation of high-stakes testing policies to achievement and changes in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Federal Legislation, Academic Achievement, High Stakes Tests, Standardized Tests,...
Although online courses at postsecondary institutions promise adults access, flexibility, and convenience, many barriers to online learning remain. This article presents findings from a qualitative case study, which explored the phenomenon of undergraduate and graduate women learners' persistence in online degree-completion programs at a college in the Northeast of the United States. Research questions asked why women learners persisted or failed to persist, and how factors supporting or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, Females, Online Courses, Educational Attainment, Gender...
Research indicates that lower levels of school commitment may be one potential outcome of policy initiatives such as high-stakes testing and exit exams. Such outcomes may lead these policy initiatives to have unintended consequences for students, particularly racial or ethnic minority students. This study examines whether race or ethnicity moderate the relationship between school commitment and alcohol use or binge drinking among a sample of Florida public middle and high-school students who...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnicity, Racial Factors, Racial Differences, Drinking, White Students, Principals,...
Ongoing educational reform initiatives have ushered in significant changes in teacher-certification regulations. Many states no longer offer permanent certification, but instead require teachers to participate in career-long professional development (PD). Accordingly, increasing attention is being paid to the effectiveness of PD initiatives, raising questions concerning how best to provide PD services for teachers--e.g., how such services should be designed, what topics they should cover, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Attainment, Educational Change, Certification, Teaching Experience,...
Understanding student performance in Algebra I is important because this course serves as the gateway to advanced coursework in mathematics and science through the remainder of high school and into postsecondary education. In the current study, we analyzed secondary data to evaluate the relationship between selected indicators of mathematics and the Algebra I performance of academically able and gifted learners who participated in above-level talent search testing. We used structural equation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Homework, Academically Gifted, Structural Equation Models, Algebra, Individualized...
Despite the wealth of information generated in recent years regarding the benefits for students who participate in Advanced Placement (AP) programs on educational outcomes, limited research exists contrasting and comparing the differential effects of AP program participation on educational and labor market outcomes by race. However, research conducted by Robinson (2003) has revealed that White students and racial and ethnic minority students who took AP science and calculus courses were more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Racial Differences, Advanced Placement Programs, High School Students, Student...
The topic of distance from home is often discussed when students begin narrowing down colleges they want to apply to; however, there is a scarcity of research actually examining student behavior. The purpose of this study is to address this research gap using data based on a national sample of nearly one million students. Distance was computed in miles based on the zip code of the student's home and the zip code of his/her college. The median distance students go away for college is 94 miles...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Student Behavior, Grade Point Average, College Choice, College Admission, College...
This paper explores the role of home-school conflicts in the educational failure of children of Latin American immigrants and examines how these conflicts have been framed and understood in the existing research literature. It argues that structural analyses of barriers to educational attainment alone fail to capture the multiplicity of forces that contribute to negative academic outcomes. Instead, understanding this phenomenon requires a fusion of structural and cultural analytic perspectives...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Objectives, Outcomes of Education, Educational Attainment, Educational...
New Englanders have been well-served by the region's higher education legacy. They tend to be better-educated and more prosperous than the rest of the nation, and the cultural life in their cities and towns is exceptionally rich. But New England dares not rest on its laurels. The growing demand for even greater levels of educational attainment in the 21st century requires a re-examination of public policies for postsecondary education finance. In this article, the author discusses the three...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Educational Attainment, Public Colleges, Public Policy,...
One of New England's greatest assets is its skilled labor force, which has historically been an engine of economic growth in the region. But the skilled labor force of the future is growing more slowly in New England than in the rest of the United States. Since 2000, the population of "recent college graduates"--individuals ages 22 to 27 with a bachelor's degree or higher--has grown by less than 9% in New England, roughly half the U.S. increase. This is better than the 11% drop in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Progress, College Graduates, Labor, Skilled Workers, Education Work...
New England's population and labor force growth have slowed considerably in recent years. What relatively little growth that has occurred has been concentrated in immigrant and other populations that have not been well-served historically by its educational and economic institutions. In an economy that is demanding ever more advanced skills from its workers, the region cannot allow this pattern of educational inequity to persist. A recent Nellie Mae Education Foundation report, "What It...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Time Management, Educational Attainment, Identification, School Buildings, Labor...
A data of students in the urban and rural area institutions of N-W.F.P (Pakistan) and control group was collected to examine the different socio-economic factor which affects our education system. The logistic regression was applied to analyze the data and to select a parsimonious model. The response variable for the study is literate (illiterate) person(s) and the risk factors are Father literacy [FE], Father income [FI] Parents attitude towards education[PA], Mother literacy [ME], Present...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Statistical Analysis, Regression (Statistics), Socioeconomic Influences, Education,...
The present study involved a sample (n = 203) of college students and investigated the differences in academic expectations of first-generation and non-first-generation undergraduates who attended a doctoral-granting public four-year historically Black university on the eastern shore of Maryland. There were 133 first-generation and 70 non-first-generation students. This study focused on the expressed needs of first-generation and non-first-generation college students to determine whether...
Topics: ERIC Archive, First Generation College Students, Student Attitudes, Psychopathology, Developmental...
The introduction of the Internet has dramatically changed the process of information transmission as well as practically every other aspect of American society, including the higher education system. Many colleges and universities have taken advantage of the utility of the Internet and instituted online courses and online degree and certificate programs. Although this form of instruction has gained increasing acceptance as an effective tool for the delivery of instruction, the issue of student...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Nontraditional Students, Community Colleges, Online Courses, Internet, Computer Uses...
The effects of service-learning on the academic attainment of rehabilitation services students were examined using a quasi-experimental design. One hundred and thirty senior rehabilitation services students enrolled in the medical aspects of disabilities course, 65 with service-learning and 65 with classroom-only instruction. The same instructor taught both sets of students. Student academic achievement was measured over the semester using three multiple-choice examinations and three case...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Quasiexperimental Design, Academic Achievement, Multiple Choice Tests, Case Studies,...
The relationship of intimate partner violence (IPV) with mental disorders was investigated among 234 American Indian/Alaska Native female primary care patients. Results indicated that unadjusted prevalence ratios for severe physical or sexual abuse (relative to no IPV) were significant for anxiety, PTSD, mood, and any mental disorder. Adjusted prevalence ratios showed severe physical or sexual IPV to be associated with any mood disorder. Patterns of IPV and mental health have implications for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Family Violence, Sexual Abuse, Incidence, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Mental...
This study examined how demographic and psychological factors shape the involvement of Japanese mothers in their children's education. The five demographic variables studied were family income, maternal education, family size, mothers' employment status, and sex of the child. Three forms of parental cognition were also studied: mothers' aspirations for their children, parenting self-efficacy, and perceptions of the school. Survey data were obtained from 97 Japanese mothers with a second-grade...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Occupational Aspiration, Mothers, Family Income, Self Efficacy, Family Size, Parent...
This paper explores the plausibility of a hypothesis that puts forth perceived educational opportunity as a significant pull factor influencing Iranians' decisions to immigrate to the United States. Drawing on various literatures, including research on educational policy in Iran, government policy papers, and figures from recent studies and census data, the authors establish a case for investigating the correlation between perceived educational opportunity (or lack thereof) and immigration....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Immigration, Educational Opportunities, Public Policy, Educational...