Raising productivity (producing more graduates per professor at acceptable quality level) is presented as one approach to dealing with American universities' fiscal crisis. Faculty can increase classroom productivity in a way that protects and even strengthens genuine research. This approach uses the publishing industry model in funding university research and writing projects, in which an aspiring author's prospectus results in an advance to permit writing to begin, and earnings are divided by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Change Strategies, Costs, Educational Innovation, Faculty Promotion, Faculty...
This report presents a course of action that California and its higher education campuses could pursue in response to economic conditions that have undercut the quality and equality of the system. California's higher education system is described as being in a state of emergency due to unique features: the staggering increase in its college-age population in the next decade, recent budgetary and enrollment history, state budgetary prospects, and leadership response. Three policy approaches are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blue Ribbon Commissions, Change Strategies, Cost Effectiveness, Educational Change,...
This 27th annual report summarizes results of the 1992-93 Survey of Earned Doctorates, which collected data from graduates as they completed requirements for their doctoral degrees. The survey included 39,754 research and applied research doctorates in physical sciences, engineering, life sciences, social sciences, humanities, education, and other professional (such as business) fields. Data are presented in 19 tables, covering number of doctorates awarded, gender of doctorate recipients,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship, College Graduates, Doctoral Degrees, Educational Trends, Employment...
While institutions of higher education are often at the forefront in technology conception and design, they often lag behind in its utilization. Inequities in availability of sophisticated technology at higher education institutions raise the question of whether the "haves" are doing a better job of educating students than the "have nots." The employers for whom graduates will work, in most cases, will not have the most current technological tools, because most new jobs are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Computer Literacy, Computer Uses in Education, Educational...
This paper offers a rationale and a design for a graduate program in Educational Leadership to be implemented in Venezuelan universities. The rationale for the program points out that schools are the main source of leadership development, and teachers and administrators need to be aware of their leadership roles and their roles as agents of societal change. The new program aspires to break the old paradigm of educational management and educational administration which is not responding to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Educational Administration, Foreign Countries, Graduate...
This paper reviews the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) to learning and suggests where continuous quality improvement in education may lead in the future. Several issues in the application of TQM are discussed, including: the need for active participation and full support of faculty and staff, active and creative involvement of students in the educational process, faculty and administrators viewing the entire institutional system and not just their piece of the pie, the need for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Instruction, Educational Improvement, Educational Principles, Futures (of...
This paper contends that the survey research approach is limited for generating substantive data to improve college teaching, because it is impersonal, lacks opportunities for probing, suppresses the idea of discourse by offering fixed-choice and yes-no questions, disregards respondents' social and personal contexts of meaning, and is dependent on the competence of coders as ordinary language users. In effect, the role of language is ignored in collecting faculty evaluation data. Use of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Instruction, Data Collection, Faculty Evaluation, Higher Education,...
This study sought to ascertain the scope and nature of postsecondary offerings within the 19 countries of central Alabama, i.e., District Five, in the "Black Belt" region. In addition to profiling the offerings of community, technical, and junior colleges in the area, attitudes relative to the effectiveness and relevance of current opportunities were sought. A battery of strategies for improving educational offerings was also sought. Central Alabama is characterized by inadequate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Community Colleges, Educational Needs, Educational Opportunities,...
The Senate Committee on Finance met to hear testimony on and discuss the preparation of medical doctors and how the Clinton Administration's proposed health care reform would influence medical education and the supply of health care professionals. Peter P. Budetti, director of the Center for Health Policy Research at George Washington University (Washington, D.C.), testified on how past federal policy has contributed to the rise of doctors training in specialties and subspecialties and has...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Family Practice (Medicine), Federal Legislation, Hearings, Higher Education, Labor...
This paper offers a rationale for research studies of educational leadership to be conducted by the Venezuelan education community. The research studies are needed to: (1) analyze organizational differences between management and leadership, (2) examine various contemporary theories of leadership and leadership styles, (3) enlighten the role of the educational leader in school organizational change, (4) redesign and adapt measurement instruments constructed and validated in other cultural...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Leadership, Leadership Styles, Leadership...
Ramapo College of New Jersey has implemented a program review with self-reflective pedagogy as a critical component. The review is a self-study that encourages faculty to use peer observation to evaluate and improve their pedagogy. The review encourages all faculty regardless of rank to serve as both observers and the observed in a series of visits. The review also encourages: various types of in-class assessment; content analysis of syllabi; evaluation of the stage of curriculum transformation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, College Instruction, Content Analysis, Course Descriptions,...
This paper describes the increased enrollment of individuals with disabilities in institutions of higher education and the special role of assistive technology resources making that possible. Assistive technology is defined as both devices and services which increase, maintain, and improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. The paper describes important points in the development of federal legislation affecting individuals with disabilities and their participation in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Accessibility (for Disabled), Assistive Devices (for Disabled),...
This study assessed the impact of the HORIZONS Student Support Program on participating college freshmen at Purdue University (Indiana). HORIZONS is a federally funded program designed to increase retention of first generation, low income, or physically disabled students. The cornerstone of the project and the vehicle through which most services are delivered is the freshman orientation course, "Strategies for Effective Academic Performance," which addresses cognitive and affective...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, Affective Objectives, College Freshmen, Disabilities, Dropout...
This volume contains descriptions of programs for student success and retention at 68 state colleges and universities in the United States. Each institution is a participant in the National Retention Project, a research-based project working within broader campus cultures that are committed to providing access and success to students traditionally underrepresented in American higher education. The one-to-two-page program descriptions are arranged alphabetically by the name of the college. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, College Environment, College Programs,...
This brochure describes the AASCU/Sallie Mae National Retention Project's goals, beginnings, continuing work, and participants. An introduction describes how the Project has resulted in over 370 state institutions looking closely at their effectiveness in student learning and achievement and at emerging accountability requirements. An overview then reviews trends that prompted the national-level examination of student achievement issues, discusses the Project's focus on institutional capacity...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, Accountability, College Outcomes Assessment, Dropout...
This booklet reviews five key issues confronting Emory University (Georgia) as it selects a direction for its future institutional evolution and leadership responsibilities. Following a brief look at the current crisis in American higher education brought on by economic, social, and global changes, five brief essays address the following issues: (1) the balance between teaching and research; (2) building a stronger community; (3) encouraging interdisciplinary scholarship; (4) keeping pace with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, College Instruction, College Role, Educational Facilities,...
In 1991 Quality University organized its first Office of Institutional Planning and Research within the provost's office. This Office has focused on six major functions: (1) organization and start-up activities (developing collegial support, analyzing information resources, and developing computing resources); (2) administrative information development (creating a database of faculty information and increasing the usefulness of student surveys); (3) external reporting (completing surveys and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Organization, College Administration, College Planning, Higher...
Academic advisement has been found to be inextricably intertwined with student retention, and is acknowledged by faculty instructional load policy at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) as an important part of faculty workload. At UALR, undergraduate advising is a mandatory process, with responsibility shared between faculty and professional academic advisors. Faculty development in the academic advising process is systematically provided, and includes a shadowing sequence in which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Advising, Academic Persistence, Data Collection, Evaluation Methods, Faculty...
This study sought to identify and analyze critical factors in a Hispanic student's decision to persist or drop out at California state four-year institutions. In-depth telephone interviews with 151 Hispanic American students at five University of California campuses and seven California State University campuses were conducted. The interviews focused on the role of the Latino family, influence of peers, mentors, gender, finances, retention programs at target institutions, and campus climate....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, College Programs, College Students, Decision Making, Dropout...
This study used data on the distribution of college students by income background to analyze college choice, particularly examining how family income and college choice correlations have changed over time. The study, using data from the national American Freshmen Survey, compared results from 1993 and computed their constant dollar equivalents in two previous years, 1989 and 1980. Data were analyzed to examine the distribution of students in a particular income group across institutional types...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Choice, College Freshmen, Community Colleges, Correlation, Economic Factors,...
This paper looks at the role of student affairs departments in fund raising, educating current college students about philanthropy, and alumni who were past participants in student affairs activities. The central thesis of the paper is that, because student affairs departments are particularly vulnerable to funding cuts, they should increase their own fund raising efforts, and the more students understand about philanthropy and loyalty to the institution the easier it will be to get them to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alumni, College Administration, College Students, Donors, Extracurricular Activities,...
This report analyzes increases in Minnesota's higher education tuition since the early 1970s, compares national and Minnesota tuition rates and trends, reviews the state's goals for federal Pell grants and how state grant money is allocated to individuals, determines whether students face undue barriers in applying for state grants, and considers why middle-income and upper-income students receive grants in addition to lower-income students. The report's findings show that tuition has risen...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Educational Policy, Grants, Higher Education, Need Analysis...
This study was commissioned to examine Minnesota's four public higher education systems to identify possible duplication and inefficiency in instructional programs. Study findings indicate that the two-year college systems offer a significant number of occupational programs with low student/teacher ratios, low graduate placement rates, or both. Some of the low-performing programs duplicate nearby programs, particularly in the Twin Cities area, raising further questions about their viability....
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Instruction, College Programs, Community Colleges, Efficiency, Higher...
This study examined the availability of federally subsidized Stafford student loans for postsecondary education in light of recent legislated changes, specifically the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 and the Student Loan Reform Act of 1993, which authorized the Federal Direct Student Loan Program, brought changes to the Federal Family Education Loan Program, and decreased interest rates lenders may charge for Stafford loans and the rate at which lenders receive reimbursement if borrowers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Educational Legislation, Federal Aid, Federal Legislation,...
This survey of 1,409 Arizona public high school graduates from the Class of 1992 sought to determine, 1 year after graduation, what proportion of graduates continue their education, become employed, enlist in the military, or choose other alterntives. Results indicated that 84 percent of the graduates enrolled in some form of postsecondary education. Eighty-seven percent of the postsecondary program participants chose Arizona schools, while 11 percent chose out-of-state schools. About half of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Patterns, Enrollment Rate, Ethnic Groups, Followup Studies, Graduate...
This proceedings report describes exercises used in a workshop on environmental scanning, designed to assist institutional research officers to develop competency in establishing and maintaining an external analysis capability on their campuses. The workshop offered an opportunity for participants to experience several techniques used in anticipatory strategic management, and was designed to enable participants to replicate the workshop on their campuses. Group exercises are outlined,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Planning, Data Analysis, Data Collection, Environmental Scanning, Futures (of...
This study focused on Iranian students in the United States and factors influencing their decision to stay in the United States or return to the Islamic Republic of Iran after completion of their studies. Data were gathered via a mail survey of 130 Iranian students. Results indicated that almost 70 percent of respondents expressed intentions to return to Iran. Factors with high correlation with students' decision to remain in the United States included personal freedom and opportunity to stay;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Graduates, Foreign Countries, Foreign Students, Higher Education,...
This report evaluates the Alabama Commission on Higher Education, emphasizing the role and responsibilities of the Commission as specified in Alabama law. The Evaluation Committee sought perspective on the Commission's performance from a wide variety of educational, political, and civic leadership via a questionnaire, interviews, hearings, and document review. The report begins with an examination of context factors in evaluation, focusing on the educational context, financial context, legal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Policy, Educational Quality, Governance, Governing Boards, Higher...
This report presents recommendations for a Unified Higher Education Budget for Alabama for fiscal year 1995-96. The recommendations are designed to effect improvements in the allocation of scarce education resources. An introductory section analyzes higher education funding over the 23-year period that the state-mandated unified budget recommendations have been prepared, concluding that higher education has made little relative progress in funding. Two funding recommendations are then...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Educational Trends, Financial Support, Higher Education, Public Colleges,...
This study conducted a library literature search of college guides, directories, and catalogs to determine the number of undergraduate level Chicano/a Studies and Mexican-American Studies programs in the U.S. The analysis found that there were 76 undergraduate programs in these fields, including 20 at two-year colleges and 56 at four-year colleges. The program names included ambiguous terms not exclusively defined by ethnicity (Chicano, Mexican-American, Riqueno, Latino) but also defined by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classification, College Programs, Higher Education, Incidence, Mexican American...
Courts have tended to find that more and more behavior can be classified as sexual harassment, and many academic feminists have also pressed for a more inclusive conception of sexual harassment. Phyllis Crocker has argued that institutions of higher education should remove distinctions between "more and less" serious forms of sexual harassment and should adopt "victim-based" definitions. Her ideas have been extended with the concept of "contrapower sexual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Standards, Compliance (Legal), Definitions, Employer Employee Relationship,...
The University 101 course seeks to create an attitude among freshmen that helps them appreciate the value of higher education, to point the way to university resources that will allow them to develop to their fullest potential, and thereby to cause more of them to survive the freshman year. This study of first-term freshmen at Tennessee Technological University in 1987-88 and the two academic years following found that 257 (approximately 93 percent) of 276 students who enrolled in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, College Attendance, College Freshmen, Dropout Rate, Higher...
New Jersey's Higher Education Restructuring Act of 1994 expands and codifies certain authorities of trustee boards, creates a statewide coordinating board called the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education, and creates the Presidents' Council which consists of the presidents of the 46 institutions of higher education which receive state funding. The Act mandates that boards of trustees, presidents, and the statewide coordinating board reconceive how they do what they do and question why they...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, College Presidents, Educational Change, Excellence in Education,...
Over the 29-year period from 1966 to 1994, the number of faculty strikes recorded by the National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions totaled 163. They transpired in 96 two-year and 67 four-year institutions. The vast majority involved faculty members employed at public sector colleges and universities. The highest number of faculty strikes occurred in the 1970s; for the first 5 years of the 1990s, faculty strike activity has been the lowest...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Colleges, Educational Trends, Higher Education, Labor...
This annual report describes the Higher Education Opportunity Programs (HEOP), which serve educationally and economically disadvantaged students at independent colleges and universities in New York State. Seventy-eight programs at 61 independent colleges and universities received $19,863,000 in state aid in 1992-93 for a full-time equivalent enrollment of 6,474 HEOP students. Almost 39 percent of the HEOP student population were Black and 32.7 percent were Spanish-surnamed. Colleges provided...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Outcomes Assessment, College Students, Counseling, Developmental Programs,...
A survey of 50,273 practicing physicians in New York State gathered data on demographic characteristics, medical education characteristics, practice setting characteristics, and specialty practice characteristics. Highlights of survey findings include: (1) physicians are distinctively male (78 percent) and white (76 percent); (2) minority respondents included Asian (17 percent of all physicians), Black (4 percent), Hispanic (4 percent), and Native American (0.2 percent); (3) the mean age was...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Medical Graduates, Geographic Location, Higher Education, Individual...
This review of architecture and architecture-related programs in the State University System of Florida consists of summaries of individual university consultant reports for three institutions visited, overviews based on status reports for programs not visited, and consultant recommendations regarding system-wide issues. Site visits took place at the architecture program and construction engineering technology program at Florida A & M University, the University of Florida's architecture...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Architectural Education, College Faculty, College Programs, College Students,...
The California Master Plan of 1960 defined relevant student populations and differentiated the missions of the University of California (UC), the California State Universities and Colleges (CSU), and the community colleges. Modern social forces are now complicating those missions. As the demand for high-quality instruction in the liberal arts and sciences has grown, the ability of UC to meet this demand has fallen behind, and CSU has graduated an increasing share of the baccalaureate students...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Educational Change, Educational History, Educational Policy,...
This paper describes the national demographic and economic context of higher education and offers interpretations of what it portends, in order to illuminate the changing environment of higher education. The discussion focuses on: (1) demographic trends, such as the projected annual enrollment growth in the 1990s of 1.2 percent and the increasing heterogeneity of the student body; (2) fiscal trends, such as flat or declining public revenues per full-time equivalent student, widespread tax...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Costs, Demography, Economic Factors, Educational Change,...
This report focuses upon the economic and other contributions that agricultural research and education have made to Virginia over the past 40 years. Agricultural research, extension, and classroom instruction contribute in the following ways to Virginia's citizens: increased supplies and reduced costs, improved competitiveness, multiplier effects on income and employment in the economy as a whole, food safety and environmental quality, and an educated workforce. Each dollar invested in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Colleges, Agricultural Education, Agricultural Production, Agriculture,...
This report offers a descriptive and prescriptive discussion of changes under way at member schools of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). It analyzes data provided by a 1994 survey of all 15 member schools on the manner and extent to which they are adapting their programs to better prepare their students to face new global challenges. Survey data are analyzed in terms of curricula, students, and faculty. The report recommends steps to make international...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, College Students, Curriculum Development, Educational Change,...
Graduate students studying personnel evaluation were each assigned to interview three professionals regarding their experiences with personnel evaluation. Five interview questions, common across the 12 class members, were supplied. In class, students were formed into groups, a chairperson and recorder were selected for each group, and an agenda for the class meeting was reviewed. The agenda outlined the tasks of each group: to have each student share orally the evidence gathered on personnel...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Techniques, College Instruction, Cooperative Learning, Graduate Study,...
A strategic plan was developed for the Arizona State University (ASU) College of Business. Development of the strategic plan involved creation of ASU Business Partners, a group of over 40 representatives from the business community working closely with 47 faculty members and students to create a model "business school of the future" and to assess the impact of the changing business environment on professional education and research programs. The strategic plan was based on a vision of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Administration Education, Educational Objectives, Educational Planning,...
The language of information technology is discussed, with a focus on accessibility in the information society. The metaphors of information technology as an "information superhighway" or "infobahn" are analyzed; limitations of the "road system" and developments of Internet systems are considered. The concept of connectivity of the rhizome in "A Thousand Plateaus" by DeLeuze and Guattari is introduced, with discussion on the lack of a fixed order or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Communication (Thought Transfer), Distinctive Features...
This document contains selected conference papers all relating to visual literacy. The topics include: process issues in visual literacy; interpreting visual statements; what teachers need to know; multimedia presentations; distance education materials for correctional use; visual culture; audio-visual interaction in desktop multimedia; the evolution of a drawing; visualizing the experience of Alzheimer's; virtual reality and artificial intelligence; curriculum; successful student...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Education, Color, Computer Graphics, Curriculum, Distance Education, Elementary...
The essence of understanding visual literacy lies in the visually literate exploration of issues process. This understanding must deal with both the processes involved in the creation and interpretation of concrete visual communication. Visual discourses's greatest contribution to human knowledge and thought is not the sequential, linear, analytical text but the encompassing and holistic visual image. The former is rule driven and literally based while the latter is ambiguous, holistically...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Communication (Thought Transfer),...
In this age of proliferating visual communications, there is a permissiveness in subject matter, content, and meaning that is exhilarating, yet overwhelming to interpret in a meaningful or consensual way. By recognizing visual statements, whether a piece of sculpture, an advertisement, a video, or a building, as communication, one can approach their interpretation on different levels and in a number of different ways. The central thesis of this paper is that a visually literate approach to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art History, Cognitive Processes, Communication (Thought Transfer), Data...
This is a pilot study which addresses whether teachers should be taught about visual literacy. A preliminary review of the literature revealed that: (1) prospective teachers need training in the skills and knowledge related to visual literacy if they are to develop such skills and knowledge in their students, and (2) visual literacy is not a common topic in teacher training. Then, a survey was conducted to provide information for further research. The findings indicated that visual literacy as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Education Courses, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Pilot Projects,...
Multimedia presentations are defined as the integration, control, and manipulation of text, art and graphics, photography, animation, audio, and video for presentations. This paper provides an overview of multimedia presentations, and examines how multimedia is being implemented through the Multimedia Design Center (MDC) at California State Polytechnic University at Pomona (Cal Poly). The overview of multimedia presentations looks at the advantages of media for learning effectiveness, retention...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Animation, Audiovisual Aids, Computers, Education Courses, Graphic Arts, Higher...
This paper examines the conceptualization and design of the Pennsylvania Audiographics Distance Education Project's (PADEP) Life Skills and Drug Education Course, and discusses the successes and difficulties of the project based on results from formative evaluation. Educators from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, developed new courses that could be delivered to youth in correctional schools using teleteaching technologies. It was determined that the instructional design would be based on relevant...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Concept Mapping, Correctional Education, Courseware, Distance Education, Educational...