In the "Sydney Morning Herald" of 23 March 2005, Ross Gittins argued that the funding arrangements for private schools positively encourage parents to move their children from the state system. The then Federal Minister for Education, Dr Brendan Nelson, in a letter to the "Herald" of 25-27 March, responded by saying that 68% of all school pupils go to state schools, and those students receive 76% of Government funds allocated to the totality of all pupils attending schools....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Public Policy, Private Schools, Educational Finance, Foreign Countries, Educational...
In 2002-03, a qualitative case study explored the perspectives of 70 stakeholders connected to two community-based adult literacy programs in Manitoba, Canada. Four themes emerged from within-case and cross-case analyses of the data: program design, human relations, community context, and financial support. Instructor-learner and learner-learner relationships were essential to the theme of human relations. Research participants noted the powerful impact that these relationships had on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Program Design, Financial Support, Classroom Environment, Human...
This article describes how the Global Challenge allows high school students to do something for the environment while winning an award that will help them financially through college. The Global Challenge is an online competition for high school students across the world. Students from other nations can pair up with students in the U.S. and together they can become an International Team. Through e-mail exchanges and Skype (a free voice and file sharing application for synchronous meetings)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Global Approach, Information Technology, Climate, High School Students, Scoring...
Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) made enormous contributions to African American education, rural education, and many aspects of American life. Even so, he remains a little known figure to many. To a large extent, his impact was the result of an ability to build and maintain effective partnerships. This brief history summarizes Rosenwald's thoughts on philanthropy and it reviews some of his major contributions to American life. However, it focuses on the social, cultural, and economic circumstances...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African American Education, Rural Education, Private Financial Support, Jews, School...
The school system is a green pasture for inexhaustible investigations for the purpose of enhancing academic achievement. The reason is that factors and variables within the confines of educational activities appear also to be inexhaustible. One such factor that attracted an investigation is "administrative stress" as it affects secondary school principals. This paper presents the results of a research conducted on the subject. Five hypotheses were proposed. The results revealed that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Facilities, Principals, Secondary Schools, Administrator Role, Work...
The urban mission of two-year community colleges with open enrollment policies is to train, retain and graduate students from all walks of life, including the poor, displaced, under-employed, and unemployed. This mission can be undermined if management decisions are not informed by detailed enrollment data, especially on how the timing of student decisions affects their academic success. This paper explores enrollment flow at a large urban, community-based technical college to recommend and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Urban Areas, College Applicants, Student Behavior, Technical Institutes, Community...
This article relates the story of Jean-Yves Ngabonziza, a full-need international student. During his senior year, on Rwandan National Mourning Day, April 6, 19-year-old Yves spoke to the entire school community for the first time about his past and the past of his native country. He began with the history of central Africa, introduced the factions of the Rwandan conflict, described the genocide ("a civil war that erupted into genocide"), told how it played out and resolved. It was a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Students, Boarding Schools, Culture Conflict, Tuition Grants, Grants,...
The perspectives of three rural middle school principals as they implement Georgia's A Plus Education Reform Act of 2000 were investigated in this study. A case study approach was used, employing both within case and cross case analyses. Three interviews were conducted with each of the three participants, resulting in a total of nine interviews. Five perspectives emerged from the data: (1) Evaluation of teacher effectiveness can be indicated only by the results of standardized tests, (2)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Schedules, Middle Schools, Teacher Effectiveness, Supervision, Standardized...
The Appalachian Model Teacher Consortium is a partnership involving Radford University, Wytheville Community College, and the Grayson County (Virginia) School System. Its purpose is to prepare highly qualified teachers for rural southwest Virginia. The model was developed in response to the growing teacher shortage facing school districts in rural southwest Virginia. Poorer, more rural districts often have weaker tax bases that provide limited, and at times inadequate, financial support for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Salaries, Rural Schools, Teacher Shortage, School Districts, Rural Areas,...
The research presented in this article is just a step in the arduous task of defining the legacy of globalization on education as cultures are forced into new association via an international economic agenda. United States-Mexican interchanges have developed as a result of the encouragement for global economic activity provided by the increase in open trade during the last decades of the twentieth century. The economic changes engendered by the global activities are monitored and documented to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Business Relationship, Foreign Countries, Mexicans, Global Approach,...
This article examines the relationship between teacher effectiveness and students' achievement as measured by test scores. A strong belief among policymakers and public as well as private funding agencies is that test scores are directly related to the quality of teaching effectiveness. This relationship implies that there could be a direct causality among teacher preparation, teacher quality, and student achievement. The terms "teaching effectiveness" and "teacher effect"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Effectiveness, Academic Achievement, Private Financial Support, Scores,...
Government-provided services are caught in the jaws of a "cost-tax vice". On the cost side, the long-term trend of rising relative prices of services, including education, seems set to continue. The other jaw of the vice is the high efficiency cost of raising additional taxes. Recent research making the case for public provision of post-compulsory education has concentrated on the difficult task of quantifying its economic and social benefits. However, given the effects of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Compulsory Education, Community Education, Vocational Education, Adult Education,...
Lawrence Mead addresses the problem of nonwork among low-income men, particularly low-income black men, and its implications for families and children. The poor work effort, he says, appears to be caused partly by falling wages and other opportunity constraints but principally by an oppositional culture and a breakdown of work discipline. Mead argues that if government policies are to increase work among poor men, they must not merely improve wages and skills but enforce work in available jobs....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Wages, Employment, Correctional Institutions, Economically Disadvantaged, Criminals,...
Whether adolescents from immigrant and ethnic minority families will make a successful transition to adulthood hinges on their educational achievement, their acquisition of employable skills and abilities, and their physical and mental health. This article focuses on the extent to which diverse adolescents are prepared for adulthood according to these three critical developmental outcomes. It finds that, in general, adolescents from Latino and African American backgrounds appear to be less...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physical Health, Health Insurance, Adolescents, Immigrants, Financial Support,...
A growing number of children over age 10 reside in and emancipate from foster care every year. Older children face many of the same challenges as younger children, but they also have unique developmental needs. This article discusses older children in the child welfare system and finds: (1) Approximately 47% of children in foster care are over age 11, and in 2001, 20% of children leaving foster care were over age 16; (2) Older children need permanency, stability, and a "forever...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Daily Living Skills, Substance Abuse, Homeless People, Educational Attainment, Child...
Kin caregivers can provide continuity and connectedness for children who cannot remain with their parents. This is one reason kinship care has become the preferred placement option for foster children. However, despite the growing reliance on kin caregivers, kinship care policies have evolved with little coherent guidance. This article examines kinship care and finds: (1) Kinship foster parents tend to be older and have lower incomes, poorer health, and less education than non-kin foster...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Placement, Caregivers, Family Relationship, Foster Care, Family Environment, Child...
Even though federal laws have had a major influence on foster care and child welfare policy for more than 40 years, additional reforms are needed to ensure safe and stable families for children in care. This article describes the complex array of policies that shape federal foster care and observes: A number of federal policies addressing issues such as housing, health care, welfare, social security benefits, taxes, and foster care reimbursement to the states, form the federal foster care...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Safety, Courts, Child Welfare, Foster Care, Public Policy, Family Environment,...
This paper focuses on the challenges of helping children after abuse and neglect has occurred by strengthening the web of supports for children and families in foster care. It examines the current state of the foster care system and finds that it is really not a cohesive system but a combination of many overlapping and interacting agencies, all charged with providing services, financial support, or other assistance to children and their families. It offers policy and practice recommendations...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foster Care, Child Welfare, Child Abuse, Child Neglect, Social Services, Delivery...
Although the completion of the Human Genome Project will offer new insight into diseases and help develop efficient, personalized treatment or prevention programs, it will also raise new and non-trivial public health issues. Many of these issues fall under the professional purview of public health workers. As members of the public health workforce, health educators are being called upon to deal with genomic-related public health topics. Thus, we propose five arguments supporting the need for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Education, Health Promotion, Prevention, Public Health, Genetics, Diseases,...
Southeastern Massachusetts is home to six public institutions of higher education. In 2003, at the invitation of Bridgewater President Dana Mohler-Faria, five of them joined together to form a regional collaborative called CONNECT. (The original members were Bridgewater State College, Bristol, Cape Cod and Massasoit community colleges, and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. The sixth, Massachusetts Maritime Academy, joined in 2007.) The collaborative's goals are to improve the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Writing (Composition), State Colleges, Cooperation, Human...
The seventh recommendation in ACTE's postsecondary reform position statement is to pilot innovative approaches to funding. Public postsecondary providers are expected to fulfill a number of educational missions linked to separate funding streams, such as academic coursework, workforce education and training, distance education and research. These diverse missions host a variety of outcome expectations that can challenge those involved in directing the institution. Thoughtful consideration of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Credentials, Noncredit Courses, Community Colleges, Distance Education, Postsecondary...
The resident population of Bamberg County, SC, has been exposed to multiples of public health information and education interventions since October 1982 with the intent to reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancies among unmarried adolescents. Data analyses were conducted to compare 20 years of pregnancy rates among girls aged 14-17 years for Bamberg County, the original three comparison counties, and the rates for the state of South Carolina from 1981 to 2000. Bamberg County had 3...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Education, Public Health, Community Programs, Pregnancy, Counties, Data...
Nicholas C. Donohue is the new president and CEO of the Quincy, Massachusetts-based Nellie Mae Education Foundation, the largest philanthropy in New England devoted exclusively to education. Donohue has been a classroom teacher, a university trustee, and commissioner of education for the state of New Hampshire. Most recently, he served as special master of Hope High School in Providence, Rhode Island, where he was appointed to oversee implementation of the Rhode Island commissioner of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Indicators, Private Financial Support, Administrators, Academic Achievement,...
In February 2006, Nellie Mae Education Foundation President and Chief Executive Officer Blenda J. Wilson convened a roundtable discussion on trends in education philanthropy. Wilson's guests were Ron Ancrum, president of Associated Grant Makers, which serves grantmaking members in Massachusetts and New Hampshire; Nancy P. Roberts, president of the Connecticut Council for Philanthropy; and Wendy L. Ault, executive director of the MELMAC Education Foundation in Maine. This article presents...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Private Financial Support, College Attendance, Philanthropic Foundations, Paying for...
Beginning with the Sullivan Royal Commission on Education in 1988, British Columbia (BC) teachers experienced a policy context that led to a decade of intense professional learning around innovative instructional strategies and curriculum. From 2001 on, the policy context changed considerably. There has been a flurry of changes designed to bring about both a cultural and economic re-structuring of the school system and significant changes to the professional side of teaching. This study reports...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Collaboration,...
This article draws on the results from 18 round-table discussions and a symposium that involved community, education, and government stakeholders in building a vision for quality, equitable ESL education. The findings suggest six pillars of effective ESL education: comprehensive programming; responsive funding allocation; cultural competence; networking, collaboration, and coordination; capacity-building and advocacy; and effective leadership. Also examined in this article are the notion of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Leadership Effectiveness, English (Second Language), Educational Quality, Resource...
From 1932 to 1940, the Progressive Education Association (PEA) conducted its Eight-Year Study. At first, the study appeared to be a poorly funded comparison of two groups of students in secondary schools. During the last four years, as more financial support became available, the Eight-Year Study became a broadly based demonstration of a wide range of educational innovations. For contemporary educators, the story of the Eight-Year Study represents an opportunity to reconsider popular principles...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational History, Longitudinal Studies, Comparative Analysis, Educational Change,...
On April 1, 1983, thirteen "enthusiastic, daring, creative and resourceful" (Landstrom, 1993, p. 113) Canadian distance educators who were attending an international conference on telecourses gathered in a hotel room in Washington DC to socialize. They left that evening with a dream: a Canadian distance education association. Now, after the memberships of both CADE and the Association for Media and Technology in Education in Canada (AMTEC) have voted to create a new national bilingual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Distance Education, Housing, Foreign Countries, Organizations (Groups), Theory...
In 1998, the West Report on tertiary education considered proposals for changing the proportion of funds given to universities on the basis of two criteria: research and teaching. An article by David Phillips, a former Head of the Higher Education Division of the Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, on the consequences of implementing these options, appeared in "The Australian" newspaper (West, 1998 & Phillips, 1998). Phillips considered the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Resource Allocation, Financial Support, Higher Education, Foreign Countries,...
Increasingly, K-12 administrators must address the need for greater funding for their systems and schools. This article presents methods used in higher education that may be of use to its K-12 colleagues. It further suggests professional development to support school leaders in making use of these strategies.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Administrators, Fund Raising,...
This paper considers the support of children with special educational needs in Botswana. A variety of sources including policy documents, literature, statistical data, interviews with key personnel and observation, are used to analyse the context and delivery of provision. Botswana is a middle-income country that has seen rapid economic expansion in a short period of time. Revenue has been used to expand the social sector including education. In the last decade HIV and AIDS has become a huge...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Competencies, Curriculum Development, Educational Quality, Hearing...
There is very limited information regarding current practices in the field of assistive technology, particularly in Canada. This research project was undertaken to address this limitation and to gather information in the following areas: 1) the current levels of and satisfaction with training in assistive technology; 2) current funders of assistive technology; 3) barriers associated with assistive technology use; and 4) the importance and availability of support strategies. This project...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Personnel, Foreign Countries, Educational Technology, Assistive Technology,...
This study examines the impact of the costs of college and student financial support in the college choice process, especially as it relates to the economically disadvantaged. Although higher education research has given some significant consideration to the role of socioeconomic status on educational choice, this paper investigates both the validity of prior assertions in that regard and explores a variety of other factors related to college choice. Using a questionnaire designed for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economically Disadvantaged, Family Income, Educational Opportunities, Context Effect,...
This case study investigated the impact of academic capitalism on academic culture by examining the perspectives of faculty members in an American academic department with significant industrial funding. The results of this study indicate that faculty members believe that the broad integrity of the academic culture remains unaffected in this department and they consider industrial sponsorship as a highly effective vehicle for enhancing the quality of education of students and pursuing their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Social Systems, Integrity, College Faculty, Case Studies, Teacher...
This study analyzed the viability of financing a voucher program for cocaine addicts in Spain through public and private donations. Of the 136 companies contacted, 52 (38%) provided donations. The difference between the benefits (15,670[euros]/$20,371) and the costs (3,734[euros]/$4,854) was 11,936[euros]/$15,517. The type of reinforcer a company can offer, the size of the company, and the time elapsed before responding may be determining variables in a company's decision whether to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cocaine, Organization Size (Groups), Foreign Countries, Educational Vouchers,...
Research on Hmong-Americans started emerging in the late 1980s and continues to flourish to the present. Topics studied range from family dynamics and cultural transitions to student achievement and challenges. Little research has been conducted specifically on Hmong college students. More extensive and comprehensive research on the Hmong student experiences has been done at the pre-k-12 level. In the early 1980s, Hmong students began to enter the University of Wisconsin (UW) System. Statistics...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Hmong People, Academic Achievement, Family Environment, Admission...
The demands of society and constraints on resources will require change in the financing models states use to fund their higher education enterprises. Models built on the priorities of student access and institutional growth will no longer suffice. Those based on student success and productivity increases consistent with getting more entering students through the pipeline will become ascendant. Models based on preserving the status quo will have to give way to those that foster purposive...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Educational Finance, Public Policy, Financial Support, Full Time...
As the number of new schools explodes in urban centers, educators need to understand the processes and challenges faced by schools trying to develop a central focus for curriculum and instruction. Using case study methods including interviews and document analysis, the current study explores the ways in which a highly successful magnet high school for science and technology developed and maintains its Technology Laboratories as its distinctive feature. Issues such as funding, staffing,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Laboratories, Urban Schools, Teaching Methods, Interviews,...
Approximately 1,200 institutions of higher education in the United States offer a degree in early childhood education, but recent research questions the strength of the relationship between teachers having a degree and benefits to child development and learning. However, there has been little empirical focus on the "quality" of degree programs. This exploratory study examined faculty perspectives on program priorities and factors that may facilitate or impede program...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Childhood Education, State Standards, Young Children, Technical Assistance,...
Children with disabilities receive most of their support from families. While most family caregivers are mothers or fathers, grandparents are increasingly providing care for children with disabilities. In addition, family caregivers come from diverse cultural backgrounds that impact their views on disability. This paper reviews the literature on parent and grandparent caregivers of children with disabilities as well as the literature on parenting children with disabilities across cultures....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Caregivers, Disabilities, Literature Reviews, Parents, Grandparents, Child Rearing,...
The classical philosophical distinction between positive and negative rights poses the question about where education stands and draws an invaluable opportunity to explore the implications of this distinction in the context of modern Greek educational reality. This paper discusses education as touching the sphere of both right categories, by incorporating simultaneously a) prerequisites of state financing obligations (positive dimension), and b) patterns of people's free choice with respect to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Planning, Student Placement, Educational Finance, Financial Support,...
The field of international development has recently been consumed by a shift in contemporary educational discourse, one that moves Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) closer to the forefront of what is considered progressive policy formation. In Zambia, the current educational environment seems to indicate that the creation and continued development of ECCE programming may be premature and potentially damaging to an already tenuous primary school education system. This article aims to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Childhood Education, Child Care, Elementary Education, Educational Environment,...
In response to ongoing court battles regarding the adequacy and equity of Arkansas' education system, the state's lawmakers have effected school reforms in many areas over the past few years, including nearly a 30 percent increase in educational expenditures from 2003-04 to 2004-05. The authors distributed a confidential survey to all 254 school district superintendents in Arkansas to gauge the results of the recent school reforms and to see what challenges superintendents still face in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Superintendents, Administrator Attitudes, Educational Change, Surveys, Teacher...
Currently, charter schools represent one of the fastest growing movements of educational reform. The first charter school opened in 1992 and there are now over 3,400 charter schools nationwide. Despite this growth, we are only beginning to learn about the performance and operation of these schools. This article adds to our knowledge of charter schools both by examining the finances of charter schools in California, which has more charter students than any other state, and by highlighting their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Charter Schools, Educational Finance, Financial Problems, Educational Equity...
In addition to setting high standards for student performance, educational policies must consider what resources are essential to provide an adequate educational program to meet all students' learning needs. Policy makers also want to ensure that educators make efficient use of available resources. In this exploration of school finance policy, we advance a conception of adequacy as the ideal state of vertical equity, examine the evolution of this concept through judicial reviews, and discuss...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Financial Policy, Court Litigation, Educational Equity...
Identifying effective interventions to help children with autism reach their potential has been a source of disagreement among professionals and parents for decades. The complexities of the challenges that face children with autism, and uncertainty about best practices, have delayed progress. This article identifies seven critical program components that address some of the challenges associated with providing effective and efficient autism intervention programs. The results for children who...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Autism, Children, Intervention, Program Effectiveness, Barriers, Best Practices,...
Using the language and concepts of economic markets for the purpose of describing and evaluating the function and performance of educational institutions has been a common and growing practice throughout Western industrial societies for many years. The critique of such market analysis also has a long history. Critical assessments of market theory have been made by both conservatives and radicals. It comes as no surprise, of course, to learn that criticisms have been plentiful among left-wing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Democracy, Schools, Adult Vocational Education, Labor Market, Ideology, Educational...
This manuscript offers a general examination of special education in Ontario from its inception to the current system, including references to developments outside the province that have impacted its development. A brief summary of the historical milestones of special education is followed by a look at recent special education legislation. Details are presented on how special education functions including, how it is funded and the assessment and placement processes involved. This is followed by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Special Education, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Educational Legislation,...
Discriminant analysis was used to ascertain whether or not student achievement and expenditure per pupil allow one to distinguish between Ohio charter schools and their associate public schools. The sample consisted of 129 Ohio charter schools and 30 associate public schools. The difference in means between the two types of schools was significant for achievement at the elementary and middle levels but not for the expenditure per pupil. For high schools, the difference in means for both student...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Expenditures, Charter Schools, Academic Achievement, Discriminant Analysis, Public...
Denominational rights in education have a long and controversial history within Canada. Ontario has struggled with denomination rights and continues to face the challenges posed by accommodating denominational rights. This paper examines those challenges and considers the future of denominational rights in Ontario, in light of John Tory's 2007 election campaign platform to extend funding to all faith-based schools or to none. It includes a consideration of the historical roots of denominational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Public Education, Role of Religion, Educational Finance, Financial...