This paper examines the impact of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on transnational higher education in four countries: New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. The GATS is a multilateral agreement through which WTO members commit to voluntary liberalisation of trade in services, including education. Transnational (or offshore) education refers to education that is delivered by an institution based in one country to students located in a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, International Trade, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, International Cooperation,...
Worldview of any culture and society is explicated through epistemological principles that frame the way one sees the world. Dine (Navajo) worldview is explicated through epistemology that has been rejected and debased by the dominant society since contact centuries ago. However, enduring powerful Dine (Navajo) worldview persists in contemporary Dine (Navajo) society and continues to frame the world for its people and children who daily are conflicted by the demands of American schooling and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Navajo (Nation), Self Determination, World Views, Epistemology, Foreign Policy,...
All across the country, critical educators are fighting on dozens of fronts, searching in both form and content for a coherent pedagogical expression that captures their opposition to what they perceive as major developments of world-historical importance: the pandemic of economic globalization; United States geopolitical imperialism and the rabid manner in which the Bush administration crazed with success is defining and responding to the current war on terrorism; the linking of patriotism to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Theory, Global Approach, Educational Change, Foreign Policy, Politics of...
In this article, the author examines the construction of standardized testing not only as a cultural product, but as an imperialistic product. She conducts both a postcolonial discussion of the critique of testing and examines the ways that children of color are represented in the content. Recognizing first that the increased use of tests is part of the corporate strategy that has been used all over the world for quite some time, she reminds everyone that standardized testing fulfills...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Racial Bias, Testing, Standardized Tests, Content Analysis, Student Diversity, Power...
In this article, the authors draw attention to the need for ethnolinguistic democracy at a time when linguistic and cultural issues are significantly impacting how schools, educators, students, and curriculum are perceived. The authors delineate the manifold acts of imperialism associated with the colonizing of young minds and bodies as culture and history are erased and then replaced with the dominant Western ideas of what universal knowledge should be. The drive to Americanize serves a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Power Structure, Democracy, Linguistics, Multilingualism, Monolingualism, Foreign...
The Ontario Ministry of Education has made a recent commitment to address the achievement gap between Aboriginal and non-aboriginal students with the release of various policy documents. Yet, there appears to be a disconnect between the policy principles and the standardized means of reconciling these differences in achievement, teacher education, and parental involvement. The dualities between the expressed intent presented in the policy documents and the reality of Aboriginal epistemologies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Canada Natives, Parent Participation, Parent School Relationship, Foreign Countries,...
The growing popularity of e-learning may pose one of the greatest challenges currently facing traditional educational institutions. The questions often asked are how, rather than whether, to embrace this new form of instructional delivery and how to create an appropriate learning environment for the learners. Educational institutions in Hong Kong have the option of adopting programmes or learning materials developed in other parts of the world for local learners, or not. Such an approach of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Computer Uses in...
This author, a teacher of political science and liberal studies, states his belief that challenging students to examine and analyze radical ideas develops their capacity to think clearly and skeptically. Following in this spirit, this essay examines the discrepancy between the stated objectives of American foreign policy and its practice. The author contends that this discrepancy is best exemplified by the apogee of war crimes: genocide. In support of his belief, he presents an analysis of two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Political Science, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Death, Anxiety, War, Crime,...
This article explores the issue of language policy analysis for elementary school teachers in the Oceania region, that is Polynesian nations in the southern and eastern, Melanesian nations in the western and Micronesian nations in the northern parts of the Pacific Ocean region. It is grounded in an understanding that education policy work of any kind is contested and political but nevertheless an exercise that elementary school teachers need to engage in. The ideas examined in the article are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Language Planning, Policy Analysis, Foreign Countries, Elementary School Teachers,...
This study attempts to elucidate the idea that education reflects the contemporary social structure. This inference is focused on the educational struggle for Korean identity led by the Korean Federation in Japan (KFJ) during 1945-1948. The KFJ disseminated the educational movement for Koreans in Japan (Zainichi). The General Head Quarters (GHQ) suppressed Korean identity education (KIE) and tried to disrupt the activities of the KFJ. KIE was identified and destroyed during the HanShin...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Structure, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Educational Development,...
The last eight years have created radical realignments in Australia's political landscape. The Prime Minister's bitterest enemies are precisely the same people who would once have been Australian Liberalism's stalwarts. The author writes on the legacy of Australia's culture wars. For responses, see EJ848173: "Aussie Battler, or Worldly Opportunist?" ( James Walter); EJ848174: "Mr Howard Goes to Washington--and Brings Home Victory" (Dennis Glover); and EJ848175:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Middle Class, Higher Education, Terrorism, National Security,...
Turkey's candidacy for accession to the European Union (EU) dates back to many years and is still a current and highly disputed issue. This study was conducted to determine the opinions of students at Turkish and German universities on Turkey in relation to the European Union. Two hundred twenty six German students participated in the study from the departments of Turkish Translation and Interpretation and Asian Languages at the University of Bonn, Germany, and 270 Turkish students participated...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Student Attitudes, Opinions, Questionnaires, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
The authors contend that the impact of the Cold War on multilateral organizations (especially UNESCO) as well as on the academic programs in Comparative and International Education or Development Studies in Education has been largely understudied. Both world-systems (USA and its allies, Soviet Union and its allies) laid claim on the project of world peace that UNESCO was meant to pursue. Furthermore, the boom in area, language and development studies in the 1960s was closely associated with the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, International Education, Comparative Education, Peace, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
Most current social and cultural theory asserts that any form of social reality is not natural, adhering to an internal logic, but that it is constructed by human beings or what is termed human agency. The tools and motivations for any given construction of reality vary based on prevailing conditions or circumstance. Depending on a person's method of analysis, an analyst's citation of the elements involved in a particular act of social construction might be sorted out in terms of a hierarchy of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, War, World History, Films, Foreign Policy, Philosophy, Ideology, Experience, Military...
The field of Postcolonial Studies is one of the academic fashions that has arisen in an attempt to amend or replace radical theories of social power since the alleged discrediting of Marxism. The Canadian case is more ambiguous. Postcolonialism, already an essentially contested concept, is especially conflicted where Canada is concerned. Canada has certainly had a colonial past, with parts of its territory having been claimed by one European power or another since Giovanni Caboto (alias Jean...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries, Minority Groups, Foreign Policy, History,...
In spite of the fact that historical issues are challenges of political education, Japanese educational studies have not been able to properly deal with them. One of the reasons is that Japanese educational researchers have accepted without question the presence of nationalistic understanding of history as the most important cause of the difficulties in East Asia, while supporting textbook lawsuits over the last few decades. On this point, it is unreasonable to compare Japan with Germany which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Asian Culture, Foreign Countries, Intellectual History,...
Recent international policy literature on Education for Sustainable Development puts forward utopian concepts of sustainable development and transformed learning as objects for educational thinking and practice. This paper, drawing on three illustrative educational investigations with youth in a South African context, critically examines how we might engage with utopian concepts such as those put forward in the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. It incorporates an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Justice, Constructivism (Learning), Racial Segregation, Democracy, Learning...
During the US Occupation of Japan (1945-1952), a victorious America attempted to reform Japanese education by replacing Japan's tradition system of values with one that promoted American democratic values. The United States had considered the source of Japan's militarism to lie in the selfless loyalty and love of country that many older Japanese had valued. They wanted to replace these older values with new ones that would ensure a more pacifist outlook. Thus, in the name of democratization and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Democratic Values, Cultural Education, Change...
In this article, the author talks about George Orwell, his instructive errors, and the manner in which Orwell pierced worthless theory, faced facts and defended decency (with fluctuating success), and largely ignored the tradition of accumulated wisdom that has rendered him a timeless teacher--one whose inadvertent lessons, while infrequently acknowledged, are just as valuable as his intended ones. It commences with an insistence that battling bad English is no "sentimental archaism"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Integrity, Rhetoric, Political Attitudes, Sociolinguistics, Foreign Policy, Males,...
The essay discusses the role and education of the women of India, with special reference to the women of Bengal during the nineteenth-century and a comparison is made between the education of the Indian woman and the education of the European woman during this era. The education of the Indian woman is also referenced against the backdrop of the nationalist movement in India against imperialist rule and its effects on the women of the country. (Contains 34 footnotes.)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Females, Womens Education, Cultural Context,...
Ranked as one of the great human rights tragedies since World War II, the Rwandan genocide, which left 800,000 dead in its wake, is commonly understood in the context of a tribal internecine conflict between the Hutus and Tutsis. The event that triggered the genocide is imputed to the shooting down of a plane carrying the President of Rwanda and Burundi, responsibility for which has been attributed to Paul Kagame, current President of Rwanda and leader of an army comprising Tutsi refugees based...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Death, Foreign Countries, Presidents, Foreign Policy, Conflict, Conflict of Interest,...
This paper explores some of the historical and political ancestries of constructivism. In it, I suggest that there are dark and potentially ecologically disastrous themes hidden in the happy use of constructivism in contemporary education.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Constructivism (Learning), Ecology, Self Esteem, Negative Attitudes, Philosophy,...
Much of curriculum innovation in English language teaching in the context of former colonial countries has been derivative rather than generative, imitative rather than self-initiated or self-regulatory. This trend is in part the result of historical exigencies that made the importation of ELT approaches, methods, and techniques for classroom pedagogy from mainstream educational theory and practice in the core countries of the West a "natural" and almost inevitable practical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Teaching Methods, English (Second Language), Second Language...
Neo-colonialism theories bring back to life memories of colonial imperialism especially to the locals in countries such as Kenya where, 43 years after the proclamation of self-governance, most rural communities appear to be still awaiting the "true" independence. The locals may have seen the political "peace" and sovereign recognition of their state, but many are yet to realise the education and development systems that will set them free from being constructed by both their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Discourse Analysis, Rural Areas, Nongovernmental Organizations, Foreign Countries,...
A first glance at almost any policy document generated by a bilateral or multilateral donor agency reveals a familiar rhetoric of participation, partnership, community, good governance, growth and strong democracy as key ingredients for a successful development program. While some critics of this rhetoric argue that this is merely a recasting of old aid agendas, others confirm that recent rethinking of aid policies and agendas are sincere efforts to address poverty reduction and ensure aid...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Comparative Analysis, Sustainable Development, Educational Policy,...
If one of the main purposes of study abroad is to promote a greater understanding between members of the host and home nation via face-to-face relations and in-country living experiences, there is no place in the world where United States students studying abroad takes on more significance than it does in Cuba. Given a situation in which home and host nation, at least at a governmental level, view each other as the enemy and restrict and regulate travel between them, this is particularly...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Latin American Culture, Peace, Foreign Countries, Study Abroad, Latin Americans,...
In this article, the author revisits the interlinked conceptualizations of globe, of an unconscious, and of the child, which subtly shape repetitively appearing issues that educational research now entails, confronts, and works through. By looking exclusively at institutional structures, educational policy, or classroom-based interactions, the author examines strategies of world-forming, their critique, fracturation, and seepage as a site of the politics of education. In the first section, she...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Politics of Education, Educational Policy, Educational...
This study was designed to investigate the fears of children and adolescents in Alabama in the aftermath of 9/11 and after the initial invasion of Iraq in 2003. The American Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-AM; Burnham, 1995, 2005) was utilized to measure the fears of youth in Grades 2-12. (Contains 4 tables.)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Fear, Student Surveys, National Security, Safety, Anxiety Disorders, Stress...
Through a historical and comparative analysis of international education policy development in Canada and the U.S., this paper will map the similarities and differences in the two countries. It will highlight the contributions and challenges of the government's involvement in international education (IE) in the two federal states and in particular, explore the implications of the changing contexts, rationales and approaches for international education to the federal role in higher education. It...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, International Education, Comparative Analysis, Comparative...
The branding of national higher education systems is a global trend that has become increasingly common over the last decade. One of the main motives driving this trend is the view that branding a national higher education system will increase that country's market share of international students. This is evident as national higher education systems compete against one another in a high-stakes battle for international students by attempting to differentiate themselves in the marketplace of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Foreign Students, Foreign Policy, Institutional Advancement, Labor...
This study, facilitated by university and college student service professionals, provides the direct views and lived reality of international graduates of our education system. CBIE advocates for improvements in policies and practices vis-à-vis international students and over the years has been successful in working with federal government departments, especially Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), to achieve changes that both make this country a more attractive venue for students from...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Graduate Surveys, Foreign Students, Foreign Policy, Student...
Based on a survey of approximately 40 professionals involved in various disciplines associated with international education across Canada, this study examines Canada's (federal, provincial, and territorial government) offering of scholarships to international students. Focused at the university level, the study elaborates on relevant international scholarship strategies designed to attract and retain international students, or to develop networks of international graduates that will maintain...
Topics: ERIC Archive, International Education, Global Approach, Educational Change, Educational Strategies,...
This bulletin chronicles the authors' visit to the Soviet Union, May 14-28, 1963, sponsored by the Ministry for Public Education of the R.S.F.S.R. and the Ministry of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education of the U.S.S.R. The purposes of the visit were to renew earlier contacts with Soviet educators and scientists; to explore the possibility of expanded exchange of educators under the U.S.-U.S.S.R. cultural agreement; and to exchange views concerning the role of cybernetics in education....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Comparative...
For a period of more than 25 years, this series of publications has provided an authoritative and reasonably comprehensive source of information about Federal activities in education. The present bulletin, Federal Funds for Education, 1958-59 and 1959-60, is the 15th in the series. It describes educational programs supported by the Federal Government and gives tabular summaries of the Federal funds provided. Compilations of amounts for the individual States in the 1958-59 and, if available, for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Federal Government, Federal Aid, Financial Support, Program...
In recent years there has been a marked increase in the output of literature linking economics with education. In the past, most of the professional literature in this area dealt either with educational finance (the economics of education) or, in a general way, with the role of education in economic development. Current literature continues to deal with these two fields, but in such a way as to introduce a new field, or at least to direct attention to new uses for materials developed in the two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Human Capital, Role of Education, Labor Force...
This bulletin is the thirteenth in the Office of Education series on "Federal Funds for Education" issued biennially since 1933-34. In the present report, figures are given for the two most recent years if they are available. In some instances, expenditure figures for the 1955-56 school year will not be reported until later, and the Federal office did not wish to report allotment or budget figures. For these, the most recent data are for the 1954-55 school year. Bulletins in this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Agriculture, Expenditures, Veterans, Federal Aid, Budgets,...
This bulletin is the twelfth in the Office of Education series on Federal funds for education issued biennially since 1933 to 1934. In the present report, figures are given for the two most recent years if they are available. In some instances, expenditure figures for the 1953 to 1954 school year will not be reported until later, and it is unsatisfactory to the Federal offices to report allotment or budget figures. For these, the most recent data reported are for the 1952 to 1953 school year....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Expenditures, Federal Aid, Budgets, Information Sources, Federal...
The purpose of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States is to present to the people of this Nation a picture, as complete and accurate as possible, of the many types of education they finance, administer, and maintain. But this isolated picture is not enough. The worth, activity, and progress of any system of schools are relative matters and must be shown along with like phases of other systems to provide sane conceptions and sound bases for judgments. To afford such bases for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Surveys, International Education, Comparative...
Federal agencies are responsible for a variety of educational activities. These vary from operating programs for which specific appropriations are made to others which provide educational services incident to some other Federal purpose. Because of the variable nature of these services having educational significance, it is difficult to secure complete reports on all financial provisions for education made by the Federal Government. Through the years, the Office of Education has gathered figures...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Public Agencies, Federal Government, Federal Aid, Grants,...
Within the past few years the subjects of international peace and arbitration have come to have a place of importance in schools of all grades in the United States, and the interest in these subjects is increasing from year to year. As one means of fostering this interest many schools observe in a special way the 18th days of May, the anniversary of the assembly of the first Peace Conference at The Hague. On this day the schools give an hour or two to a program of addresses, readings, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arbitration, Peace, International Organizations, School Activities, Public Schools,...
Among the many movements of modern times for the advancement of civilization and the relief of humanity from unnecessary burdens of expenditure and of paralyzing fear, none is more significant than that for arbitration and world-wide peace. This movement has been made possible by the education of the masses of the people in all the more progressive countries of the world, and will succeed finally only as education becomes more universal. Like all great constructive movements for the uplift and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Studies, Educational Methods, Instructional Materials, World Problems,...
With Japan and America entering the ranks of the colonizing powers, the question of colonial education becomes particularly important, especially so in view of the fact that education in both Japan and America occupies a commanding position. It is rather significant that the two great Pacific powers should have become colonizing nations within three years of each other. It is the purpose of this monograph to set forth the results of Japan's efforts to establish an educational system in Formosa,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Educational History, Indigenous Populations, Land...
Given the current international context of instability and uncertainty, we were driven by the desire to utilize a digital game to cut across the complexity of public policy, so as to educate our young with the experience and deep learning to be appreciative, accountable and proactive citizens of a globalized world. Having developed a curriculum that synthesizes technology, philosophy and pedagogy, we began our iterations of exploration with Singapore public schools. Through our project, we...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Computer Games, Public Policy, Foreign Policy, Discovery Learning,...
The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Academic Support Services, Access to...
The author wrote a piece called "What Our Children Should Learn about 9/11." In that piece, the author made just four simple points. These include: (1) children should know the facts; (2) once they had a grounding in the facts, the children should not abjure moral judgment; (3) children should learn to make both analytical and moral distinctions; and (4) children must learn to live with uncertainty, and specifically to understand the difference between living in fear and living with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, World History, Foreign Policy, Arabs, Muslims, Expectation,...
Training for foreign service adequate to achieve the end in view, must be based upon satisfactory consensus in commercial education. This type of instruction should be established in all cities of present or potential foreign trade opportunities. This first conference to be held in the United States for the specific purpose of discussing the problem from the standpoint of government, business, and education, in order to ascertain a "modus operandi" in the establishment of an adequate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational History, Conferences (Gatherings), Foreign Policy, Educational Needs,...
Eighteen States and the District of Columbia were represented at the second conference of collegiate instructors in foreign service training subjects, which was held at the New Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C., December 26, 1923, under the direction of the former advisory council and committee of fifteen on educational preparation for foreign service, now known as the National Council on Foreign Service Training. The topic of the conference was practices and objectives in training for foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chemistry, Civics, United States History, Human Geography, Foreign Countries,...
This essay explores connections between post-colonial theory and action research. Post-colonial theory is committed to addressing the plague of colonialism. Action research, at its core, promises to problematize uncontested "colonial" hegemonies of any form. Both post-colonial theory and action research engage dialogic, critically reflective and collaborative values to offer a fuller range of human wisdom. The authors contend that post-colonialism theory calls for justice and seeks to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Action Research, Foreign Policy, Theories, Participatory Research, Justice,...
This Fact Sheet reports findings from an ongoing study of the representation of 9/11 and terrorism in curricula, textbooks, and state standards documents. The study was conducted in three stages. The first two stages focused on how supplemental curricula and best-selling social studies textbooks published between 2002-2010 present the events of 9/11 and their aftermath to secondary school students. In 2011, a third stage of the study was added. This stage extended the previous ones by including...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, Terrorism, Air Transportation, Suicide, Curriculum...
An independent review of the Australian student visa program was completed in 2011. Several of the recommendations from the review have been implemented by the Australian government, including the introduction of streamlined visa processing for applicants enrolled at an Australian university and increased flexibility in working conditions for student visa holders. The Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship assigns assessment levels to reflect the risk posed by applicants from a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Foreign Students, Foreign Policy, Immigrants, Study Abroad, Access...