Abstracts of NASA-owned inventions, which have been made available for patent licensing in foreign countries are presented.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FOREIGN POLICY, NASA PROGRAMS, PATENT POLICY, ABSTRACTS,...
This paper proposes that a nation's major national interests do not change abruptly, but instead are relatively fixed and are dictated to a great extent by international political, economic and military realities. The dangers of apparent abandonment, or failure to recognize the importance, of a nation's long-term vital interests are pointed out, and historical examples discussed. Characteristic weaknesses of US foreign policy are elucidated and some corrective measures are suggested for the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, King,Alwyn H, ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA, *FOREIGN...
Military power continues to be perceived as fundamental to the international bargaining process. Hence, concerns over the shifts in the strategic balance are germane to the question of whether this nation will continue to accomplish, with a modicum of success, its foreign policy goals. The four essays reflect the complex nature of assessing the strategic balance and relative importance of the forces which shape that balance. The first paper underscores the role conventional forces play in the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Fair,Stanley D, Kennedy,Robert, Scott,John F, Wilborn,Thomas L, ARMY WAR COLL...
The authors contend that the impact of the Cold War on multilateral organizations (especially UNESCO) as well as on the academic programs in Comparative and International Education or Development Studies in Education has been largely understudied. Both world-systems (USA and its allies, Soviet Union and its allies) laid claim on the project of world peace that UNESCO was meant to pursue. Furthermore, the boom in area, language and development studies in the 1960s was closely associated with the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, International Education, Comparative Education, Peace, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
In spite of the fact that historical issues are challenges of political education, Japanese educational studies have not been able to properly deal with them. One of the reasons is that Japanese educational researchers have accepted without question the presence of nationalistic understanding of history as the most important cause of the difficulties in East Asia, while supporting textbook lawsuits over the last few decades. On this point, it is unreasonable to compare Japan with Germany which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Asian Culture, Foreign Countries, Intellectual History,...
Simulations can serve to evaluate alternative system designs and proposed retrofits, and performance of subsystems and elements organic to crisis management systems. Doctrinal behaviors of the system during crises are described along with possible deviations. A structure of simulations is developed along with four perspectives or classes of system factors. Methods for evaluation are described along with criteria applicable to each perspective. Criteria other than direct measures of time are...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Havron, M Dean, Blanton, Robert L, HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH INC MCLEAN VA, *CRISIS...
Recent events and trends in world affairs have focused attention upon the issue of inter-state economic conflict and possible national security implications in the decade ahead. In this context, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) took the initiative within the Department of Defense (DOD) to sponsor a workshop which would bring together key individuals from Government, the academic community, and the private research sector for purposes of exploring and discussing the national security...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Minckler, Rex D., Rebh, Richard G., OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA, *NATIONAL...
For a period of more than 25 years, this series of publications has provided an authoritative and reasonably comprehensive source of information about Federal activities in education. The present bulletin, Federal Funds for Education, 1958-59 and 1959-60, is the 15th in the series. It describes educational programs supported by the Federal Government and gives tabular summaries of the Federal funds provided. Compilations of amounts for the individual States in the 1958-59 and, if available, for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Federal Government, Federal Aid, Financial Support, Program...
This bulletin is the thirteenth in the Office of Education series on "Federal Funds for Education" issued biennially since 1933-34. In the present report, figures are given for the two most recent years if they are available. In some instances, expenditure figures for the 1955-56 school year will not be reported until later, and the Federal office did not wish to report allotment or budget figures. For these, the most recent data are for the 1954-55 school year. Bulletins in this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Agriculture, Expenditures, Veterans, Federal Aid, Budgets,...
This bulletin is the twelfth in the Office of Education series on Federal funds for education issued biennially since 1933 to 1934. In the present report, figures are given for the two most recent years if they are available. In some instances, expenditure figures for the 1953 to 1954 school year will not be reported until later, and it is unsatisfactory to the Federal offices to report allotment or budget figures. For these, the most recent data reported are for the 1952 to 1953 school year....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Expenditures, Federal Aid, Budgets, Information Sources, Federal...
Training for foreign service adequate to achieve the end in view, must be based upon satisfactory consensus in commercial education. This type of instruction should be established in all cities of present or potential foreign trade opportunities. This first conference to be held in the United States for the specific purpose of discussing the problem from the standpoint of government, business, and education, in order to ascertain a "modus operandi" in the establishment of an adequate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational History, Conferences (Gatherings), Foreign Policy, Educational Needs,...
Eighteen States and the District of Columbia were represented at the second conference of collegiate instructors in foreign service training subjects, which was held at the New Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C., December 26, 1923, under the direction of the former advisory council and committee of fifteen on educational preparation for foreign service, now known as the National Council on Foreign Service Training. The topic of the conference was practices and objectives in training for foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chemistry, Civics, United States History, Human Geography, Foreign Countries,...
On March 28-29, 2009, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 43 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the nuclear age. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall observed that although students today are not made to crawl under their desks in air raid drills, that atomic power remains, and it is still necessary to raise a nuclear-literate generation. Sessions included: (1) Nuclear Weapons (Jeremy Bernstein); (2) Nuclear Weapons in International Politics (Andrew L....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Weapons, War, International Relations, World History, Terrorism, Power Structure,...
On March 11-12, 2006 the FPRI's Marvin Wachman Fund for International Education hosted 44 teachers from 16 states across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching about India. Sessions included: (1) Why It's Important to Know about India (Ainslie T. Embree); (2) Early Indian History (Richard H. Davis); (3) Modern Indian History (Marc Jason Gilbert); (4) Domestic Indian Politics (Philip Oldenburg); (5) The Rise of the Indian Economy (John Williamson); (6) India's Religions Today:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Asian History, Modern History, Politics, Economics, Religion,...
Understanding the current conflicts and political changes in the Middle East us important for American educators if American students are to understand the dynamics of the region. To discuss these issues, FPRI held its 12th History Institute for Teachers on October 16-17, 2004. Forty teachers from 15 states attended the weekend program at the Gregg Conference Center in Bryn Mawr, PA, sponsored by Mason Crest Publishers and Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Fox. Sessions included: (1) The Future of Saudi...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, International Relations, Peace, World Affairs,...
On October 21-22, 2006, FPRI's Marvin Wachman Fund for International Education hosted 46 teachers from 26 states across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching about China. Sessions included: (1) Classical Chinese Thought and Culture and Early Chinese History (Victor Mair); (2) State and Society in Late Imperial China (Matthew Sommer); (3) "China's Democratic Prospects" (Edward Friedman); (4) China's Economy: Problems and Prospects (Nicholas Lardy); (5) China and the World...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Asian Culture, Asian History, Democracy, Economics, International...
This essay is based on the author's presentation at the Wachman Center's July 26-27, 2008 history institute, co-sponsored and hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation of the McCormick Tribune Foundation. For Europeans, World War I remains the epochal event of the twentieth century. For Americans, the war falls between two much larger and more emotive events in American history, the Civil War and World War II. Although the war did not result in destruction for Americans on the European...
Topics: ERIC Archive, United States History, War, World History, History Instruction, International...
Educational and cultural exchanges are the cornerstone of U.S. public diplomacy and an integral component of foreign policy. To further this policy objective, the Department of State designates U.S. government, academic, and private sector entities to conduct educational and cultural exchange programs pursuant to a broad grant of authority from the Congress. This paper provides an overview of the Secondary School Student Exchange Visitor Program and presents data describing the 2006-2007...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Private Sector, International Educational Exchange, International Relations, Cultural...
At its Summer 2003 meeting, the Business-Higher Education Forum (BHEF) engaged the questions of America's role in the post-Sept.11, 2001 world. Following a series of panel presentations, BHEF members specifically examined the important issues of sustaining, legitimating, and using American power. Six major foreign policy challenges facing the United States were identified: (1) Defeating Islamist terrorism; (2) Stemming the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; (3) Extending the benefits...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Global Approach, International Relations, Foreign Countries,...
The visit of Bertrand Russell to China during 1920 to 1921 was one of the most significant events in May Fourth Movement, and Russell pointed out that education was the most important thing for Chinese reconstruction. The author argues that we should interpret Russell's educational idea of China from a theoretic and practical point of view. The man in Chinese education is the key to the future of China.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Role of Education, Problem Solving, Foreign Policy, International...
For U.S. neo-idealists, the 1990s represented a moment to be seized, a time in which the strategies of conflict and confrontation of the Cold War period could be replaced by strategies designed to enhance cooperation among the nation-states. In 2001, the George W. Bush administration found itself in the position of continuing the same Bill Clinton era search for a strategic framework around which to organize U.S. foreign policy. Evidence of these policies can be found in four strategic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Policy, Higher Education, International Relations, Literature Reviews,...
In the 1960s, German industry experienced a greater need for labor. Recruitment agreements for "guestworkers" were concluded with a number of Mediterranean countries, with the opinion at the time being that temporary immigration would be in the interests of all involved: German firms would get cheap labor, the "guestworkers" could earn money and return to their home countries with their savings, and the countries of origin would benefit from the remittances sent from abroad...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Developed Nations, Employment Opportunities, Employment Patterns, Foreign...
In the post-Cold War era, framing U.S. foreign policy discussions is a real challenge. This curriculum unit considers whether international democracy promotion has become the defining objective of U.S. foreign policy and investigates the appropriate role for the United States to play in this period. Students are asked to define U.S. national interest and assess whether democracy promotion efforts serve that interest (Lesson 1); define democracy itself and reflect upon how it is faring around...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship Education, Democracy, Foreign Policy, Global Approach, Government Role,...
This 10th grade social studies lesson and language arts interdisciplinary curriculum unit asks students to examine the 19th century debate over U.S. foreign policy. Students engage in role playing and debate the expansionist policy versus the anti-imperialist policy. The unit includes an activity description, background information, questions to guide research, online resources, and reflection questions. The teacher is provided with notes describing the unit's purpose, correlation to standards,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Learning, Current Events, Debate, Foreign Policy, Grade 11, High Schools,...
The objective of this essay is to review and analyze the relations of the East African nation of Kenya with its bordering states. The issue of whether the external and internal forces which influence Kenya and its bordering states force an 'osmosis' effect which will make it necessary for these nations to adopt domestic and foreign policies on a left-right political spectrum which are similar to one another is raised. The analysis of the relations of Kenya's bordering nations covers the major...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hirtzel,Richard D, ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA, *INTERNATIONAL POLITICS,...
This thesis describes long-range forecasting models that were developed for the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa to cope with the problem of projecting important economic, political, military, and social variables over a five to twenty year range. On the basis of imperfect data that is available for these regions, this study examines the innovations introduced to handle the unstable situations found in developing areas of the world. Limited to the Middle East region, this effort...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Alvarez,Everett , Jr, NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CALIF, *POLITICAL SCIENCE,...
This 12-item annotated bibliography presents U.S. government documents suitable for use in preparation for a high school debate on the resolution that the United States should substantially change its foreign policy toward Russia. Items in the annotated bibliography address American-Ukranian nuclear relations; economic policy and trade practices; the history, politics, sociology, and national security systems of countries in the former Soviet Union; nuclear coexistence; revelations from the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Debate, Federal Government, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
Following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the American government refused to grant de jure recognition to the Soviet regime. American courts likewise refuse to acknowledge the legal existence of the Soviet Union in matters concerning Russian property in the United States. In the 1933 Litvinov Assignment, when President Roosevelt granted conditional recognition to Moscow, the Soviets assigned its rights to Russian property in the U.S. to the American government. The assignment, however, proved to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Millett,Stephen M, AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO, *FOREIGN POLICY,...
These projects were completed by participants in the Fulbright-Hays seminar in China in 1995. The participants represented various regions of the U.S. and different grade levels and subject areas. The units include: (1) "Travel Guide to China" (Marcy Adelson); (2) "Traditional and Contemporary Values of China" (Peter Ciemins); (3) "Chinese Philosophies Unit" (Matthew Clayton); (4) "Unit on China" (Peggy Coffey); (5) "Excavating the Tomb of China's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Asian Studies, Change, Chinese Culture, Culture, Elementary Secondary...
The US-Israeli 'special relationship' has drawn the United States into a closer and more direct involvement in the Middle East. This memorandum analyzes the basis for the US-Israeli connection and various plausible options for the form and structure of future US-Israeli relations. The author indicates that, in the absence of a comprehensive peace settlement, formalization of the relationship is unlikely in order to retain US flexibility with both Arabs and Israelis. However, ultimately, some...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Chambers,Howard L, ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA,...
There is an increasing tendency on the part of international development players to redefine their relationships as "partnerships." This paper explores the concept of development partnerships, particularly those formed for the benefit of children. A discussion of the differences in the context, form and substance of the discourses and settings in which partnership is used provides a framework for fixing a more precise meaning for the concept in the domain of development partnerships....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Cooperation, Community Development, Developing Nations, Economic Development,...
This paper reviews the key issues and methodologies involved in the replication of social programs, as they pertain to non-profit sector development in the United States and in international development. The related process of knowledge transfer and dissemination, as well as the more specific strategies involved in replication and going-to-scale are examined. Strategies discussed include the franchise approach, mandated replication, staged replication, concept replication, and spontaneous...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Children, Community Development, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Foreign...
This report of a study at the University of Maryland describes an international, interactive, and interdisciplinary project for first- and second-year students, which combines a large lecture format with small-group, seminar-type sessions organized around a computer-assisted simulation model, the International Communication and Negotiation Simulation (ICONS). Students learned about negotiation strategies through case studies and materials on cross-cultural communication. Strategies were tested...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Active Learning, Case Studies, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Simulation,...
This final report describes activities and accomplishments of a federally supported 3-year project at Haverford and Bryn Mawr Colleges (Pennsylvania) to develop three interdisciplinary "conference courses" in international affairs. The courses were offered in the political science department and were titled "North-South Cooperation for Third World Development"; "Human Rights in International Affairs"; and "Issues in the Inter-American Dialogue." The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Liberties, College Curriculum, College Instruction, Cooperative Learning,...
This digest discusses the need for teaching about the Vietnam War, possible reasons for the negligible treatment the subject receives in social studies classes, and some instructional approaches to the material. Currently, students lack a systematic and detailed knowledge of this turning point in U.S. history. The impact of the Vietnam War on U.S. foreign policy, domestic politics, and social history cannot be overestimated. The controversial nature of the War and its ensuing political...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Controversial Issues (Course Content), Diplomatic History, Educational...
This book provides a compilation of addresses and panel presentations from the 1995 International Symposium of Japan-America Societies. Twenty-nine eminent speakers and presenters, authorities on topics ranging from economics to education, shared dialogue with delegates who gathered for the first-ever meeting of members of Japan-America Societies from both sides of the Pacific. The introductory materials and overview contain the observations of the editor, compiled from notes taken during the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Developed Nations, Diplomatic History, Foreign Countries, Foreign...
This annotated bibliography introduces students to the reference resources of political science, including international relations, and suggests bibliographic tools to facilitate literature searches. The list is limited to general reference works. The bibliography is divided into the following categories: (1) Guides to the Literature; (2) Encyclopedias (Social Sciences, Political Sciences, and Specialized); (3) Dictionaries (Political Science and Biographical); (4) Handbooks; (5) Yearbooks; (6)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Area Studies, Diplomatic History, Foreign Countries,...
This book discusses foreign policy issues and provides background information on current topics. This edition examines the following major issues: (1) "Conflict in Former Yugoslavia: Quest for Solutions" (Susan L. Woodward); (2) "South Africa: Forging a Democratic Union" (Jean Herskovits); (3) "Environmental Crisis in Former Soviet Bloc: Whose Problem? Who Pays?" (William Sweet); (4) "Trade with the Pacific Rim: Pressure or Cooperation?" (Jinny St. Goar);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African History, Developing Nations, Environment, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
This briefing book provides background information on current foreign policy issues. This edition discusses the following major issues: (1) "U.S. in a New World: What Goals? What Priorities?"; (2) "United Nations: What Role in the New World?"; (3) "Germany's Role: In Europe? In the Atlantic Alliance?"; (4) "China: New Reforms, Old Politics?"; (5) "Trade and the Global Economy: Projecting U.S. Interests"; (6) "Russia and the Central Asian...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Developing Nations, Diplomatic History, Economics, Foreign Countries,...
Foreign study has been growing worldwide since the end of World War II. There is a significant flow of students from less developed countries to more developed ones. This paper presents findings of a study that assessed two theories of development, modernization theory and dependency theory, and applied these theories to identify the impact of foreign study on national development. Modernization theorists assert the positive effects of foreign study and dependency theorists argue that foreign...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Economic Impact, Foreign...
Official Development Assistance (ODA) is an increasingly important part of foreign aid budgets. Countries that offer foreign aid to other nations do so for many, often contradictory reasons that range from national security and economic self-interest to humanitarian concerns. Every donor state uses ODA as an instrument of its foreign policy. This paper describes findings of a study that examined the relationship between Japan's and the United States' officially stated foreign-aid objectives and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Economic Impact, Foreign Countries,...
Public and congressional opinion of U.S. involvement in world affairs has begun shifting from support to opposition. Recent public opinion polls and congressional decisions such as the one to re-direct $100 million of the United States Information Agency's (USIA) budget to Midwest flood relief indicate waning advocacy for internationalism and a growing tendency toward isolationism. Lack of a clear understanding about the impact of international affairs programs has led to ebbing enthusiasm for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Policy, Global Approach, Global Education, Higher Education, International...
This booklet analyzes the changes that have occurred in Japan in the postwar period. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1, "Revolutionary Change: American Occupation, 1945-52," focuses on the dramatic changes brought by Occupation forces. Chapter 2, "Evolutionary Change: Japan's Democracy from the Occupation through the 1980s," chronicles almost 40 years of uninterrupted conservative rule. Chapter 3, "The Transformation of 1993-94," addresses the more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Studies, Change, Democracy, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Human Relations,...
This booklet examines the issue of humanitarian aid in times of crises and how the political and military conditions that generate the need for humanitarian action have changed in the post-cold-war era. There are different faces of civil war, changes in international assistance, and complex emergencies that demand new world responses to help those caught in need. Political realities must be taken into account as the human-needs agenda is addressed. The book has five chapters. Chapter 1,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Altruism, Conflict, Cooperation, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy, Human Relations,...
This guide is to help students become more aware of the wide variety of United Nations' (UN) activities taking place in the world; to give students an interest in the affairs of the UN; and to lay the foundations for continuing interest in the UN. In this activity students read articles of recent world events in which the UN has been involved, then follow up with discussion and writing activities. A reference list of UN organizations and conferences for further activities is included. Students...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conflict, Developed Nations, Developing Nations, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This theme issue focuses on the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Articles deal with aspects of the United Nations and include suggestions for teaching about the United Nations and using various teaching materials. Articles in this issue include: (1) "Celebrating United Nations Day" (Ken Osborne); (2) "Educating for World Citizenship" (Douglas Roche); (3) "A United Nations Unit Outline" (Ken Osborne); (4) "Canadian Reference Guide to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperation, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Foreign Policy,...
Junior colleges are increasing their community services--those activities beyond regularly scheduled classes--by (1) encouraging community groups to use college facilities and services, (2) providing the college's special educational skills to all age groups, (3) supplying leadership and coordination experience to community long-range planning and special group problems, (4) promoting cultural, social, and intellectual life of the community and enriching the use of leisure time. This paper...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Services, Discussion, Foreign Policy, International Relations, Political...
A study of American-Chinese relations in the period 1944-1966, this unit for high school students focuses on a number of problems which American policy-makers have had to confront in this period. These problems include the liquidation of Japanese power, the Communist-Nationalist schisms and the rise of the Communists to power, the Korean War, the Quemoy-Matsu crisis, and the question of recognition. The student is asked what the proper goals of foreign policy are, and at the conclusion of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Asian History, Curriculum Guides, Foreign Policy, Government Role,...
Intended for college-preparatory students at the high school level, this unit investigates the changing tides in U.S.-Soviet diplomatic relations and the reasons for the change. The focus of the unit is on a series of particular episodes such as the questions of famine relief in the 1920's, diplomatic recognition in the 1930's, World War II, the Berlin Blockade, the Hungarian Revolution, and the Cuban missile crisis. Introductions set each episode in context, and the student is asked to assess...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Curriculum Guides, European History, Foreign Policy, History,...
Focusing on James K. Polk's handling of the diplomatic crisis with Mexico, which followed his accession to office, and on the results of the Mexican War, this unit asks the student to evaluate Polk's actions. In the evaluation, the student must assess the responsibilities of presidential leadership and confront the implications of power in international affairs. Subsidiary questions include the relationship between the President and Congress in the making of foreign policy, the problem of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Area Studies, Curriculum Guides, Foreign Policy, History, History...